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Open Access Article
1 - The Use of Microorganisms In Bioremediation Of Heavy Methals In Soils
jina tanzadeh Mohammad panahandehBioremediation is an promising and available new technique for removal and recovery of heavy metals in contaminated land and waters. These microorganisms developed Different detoxifying mechanisms such as bioaccumulation, biosorption, biomineralization and biotrans MoreBioremediation is an promising and available new technique for removal and recovery of heavy metals in contaminated land and waters. These microorganisms developed Different detoxifying mechanisms such as bioaccumulation, biosorption, biomineralization and biotransformation.The food and water we consume are often pulluted very of chemicals and heavy metals, such as gold,copper ,nickel, zinc, cadmium, arsenic, lead, chromium, and mercury that are associated with very diseases.Some studies described microorganism able to bioremediation heavy methas. Among others some of the microorganisms that play great role in bioremediation of heavy metals are Pseudomonas spp ,Corynebacterium spp ,Bacillus spp Arthrobacter spp, Alcaligenes spp, Rhodococcus spp, Flavobacterium spp, Nocardia spp, Azetobacter spp, Methosinus, Phormidium valderium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Evaluation of Ecotourism in Boujagh National Park using multi-criteria analysis and GIS
Maryam Haghighi khomamiLandslide is a geological phenomenon which cause annual enormous losses of life and property in the country. Since the set of natural and human factors contributed to the damages caused by the landslide, this phenomenon is known as the limiting factor in land developmen MoreLandslide is a geological phenomenon which cause annual enormous losses of life and property in the country. Since the set of natural and human factors contributed to the damages caused by the landslide, this phenomenon is known as the limiting factor in land development policies. One of the most important solution to reduce the damages caused by landslides, is to avoide these areas. For this it is essential to provide high accuracy maps of landslide hazard zoning by an available and suitable method. Thus in this study GIS (Geographic Information System) was utilized to determine the high risk areas and evaluate the impact of various factors. At first the influenced factors were selected by field and other reserchers studies then the layers were prepared on GIS ( by the use of ArcGIS 10.2). These layers are lithology, slope, aspect, land use, road networks, distance to fault, elevation and drainage watershed in Emamzade Ebrahim watershed in west of Guilan province, Iran. In step 1, standardization of the layers was done using Fuzzy logic. Step 2, analyze hierarchi prossess (AHP) was used to pair-wise comparison of these factors and the weight of each factor, which represents the degree of their influence had been calculated and finally landslide hazard zonation map was prepared with different sensitivities. Slope by the weight of 0/308 and lithology 0/231 had highest impact and should be more emphasis and considere on basin development planning managers and policy makers. Also 39% of the basin area has low sensitivity and 2% has very high sensitivity to the risk of the occurrence of landslide hazard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The application of Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) sensor in water and wastewater treatment industries
seyed ali rahmani nejadThe Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) is applied for controlling the chemical and biological reactions. It means, by the help of ORP the tendency of reactions for occurring in aqueous solution are measured. The ORP measurement has been used in variety of applications MoreThe Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) is applied for controlling the chemical and biological reactions. It means, by the help of ORP the tendency of reactions for occurring in aqueous solution are measured. The ORP measurement has been used in variety of applications especially, water and wastewater treatment e.g. cyanide detoxification, advanced oxidation processes (production of hydroxyl radicals: fenton), water disinfection and etc. By measuring the ORP during the reaction, the end time of reaction, the required concentration of reactants and optimum conditions be determined. In this study, the use of ORP in most common reactions in water and wastewater industries are investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Quantity and quality investigation of generated wastes at steel industries
Zahra Zamiraei علی ناهدRegarding to the variety of uses of steel in the world and widening its scope of application with the advancement of technology, steel production has changed to keep pace with advances in technology, following the changes; producers have tried to raise productivity and MoreRegarding to the variety of uses of steel in the world and widening its scope of application with the advancement of technology, steel production has changed to keep pace with advances in technology, following the changes; producers have tried to raise productivity and use of cheaper energy and fuels due to its geographical environment. There are the wastes in different stages of steelmaking (coke making, iron making and steelmaking). The generated wastes in this industry are with hazardous substances such as heavy metals, according to the classifications of the wastes, are classified as hazardous wastes. Therefore, identification and analysis and management of such waste in these industries are essential. The release of aforesaid hazardous wastes in nature can be had issues and problems for the environment and human health ultimately exceed the acceptable environmental conditions. The proper management of hazardous wastes in order to reduce and control pollution of the environment is utmost importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Economical Valuation of River to Conservation for sustainability of Water Supply (Case Study: Masal Khalkaei River, Gilan Province)
طوبی عابدی بهنام یوسفیEconomical valuation of environmental services help the decision makers to make decision about receasion, conservation and sustainability of water resources. Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) is used to evaluate conservation of water resources value of Khalkaei River lo MoreEconomical valuation of environmental services help the decision makers to make decision about receasion, conservation and sustainability of water resources. Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) is used to evaluate conservation of water resources value of Khalkaei River located in Masal in Guilan Province at the north of Iran. This method tries to define individual’s willingness to pay (WTP) under suggested prices of given hypothetical market. Among the variables of the model presented, monthly cost, monthly income and environmental viwepoint (P<0.01) and landscape (P<0.1) are effective variables on willing to pay.. The average monthly WTP per family was calculated as 36766 Rls of Iran. The annual conservation value in terms of WTP for the conservation of Khalkaei River was estimated as 208 million Rls of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Climate Change Assessment in Ardebil province during 2011-2030
ladan kazemi radOutputs of GCMs downscaled by LARS-WG model for assessing the Climate Change in Ardebil Province. Outputs from 2 GCMs models (MPEH5, HADCM3) based on 2 scenarios (A2, B1) were used for predicting climatic parameters during 2011-2030. Model that has lowest difference com MoreOutputs of GCMs downscaled by LARS-WG model for assessing the Climate Change in Ardebil Province. Outputs from 2 GCMs models (MPEH5, HADCM3) based on 2 scenarios (A2, B1) were used for predicting climatic parameters during 2011-2030. Model that has lowest difference compared to the average results has chosen as a suitable model for predicting the future. Outputs of chosen Model were compared with the base data to determine their trends. The results showed that minimum and maximum temperatures (0.4 ° C) and dry day length (9 days) will increase. Also rainfall (27.5 mm), wet day length (9 days), hot day length (2 days) and frost day length (4 days) will decrease in the period of future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Determining the Optimum Coagulant for Chemical Treatment of Fiber Wastewater from Pulp and Paper Mills
هانیه میربلوکی shamim moghadami Fariba OstovarPulp and paper mills consider as a major wastewater producer industries in order to cellulosic pollution and also consuming high amount of water during the process.The wastewater treatment process is complicated because these kinds of effluents contain suspended & coll MorePulp and paper mills consider as a major wastewater producer industries in order to cellulosic pollution and also consuming high amount of water during the process.The wastewater treatment process is complicated because these kinds of effluents contain suspended & colloidal impurities and color & odor; so using chemical coagulants via the Jar test can be an appropriate alternative to remove the contaminants. In this research, different concentrations of Alum, PAC and FeCl3 coagulants were tested to reduce the contamination load of the effluent from three important major parts of fiber wastewater producers; that, according to the results FeCl3 was reported as the best chemical coagulants which removed 61%, 74/05 % and 58% of the COD from the three mentioned parts effluent. Therefore, chemical treatment by using of an appropriate coagulant with the optimum concentration can perform an important role in reducing the effluent contamination load. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Use of macro-algae as biomass resource for renewable energy production
mehran parsa Maryam Pazoki hassan hoveidiEnergy consumption has significantly increased beside of urbanization growth. It may go up so fast that it results in environmental Issues and greater natural resource depletions. Therefore, the use of renewable and clean fuel is considered necessary. Currently, macro-a MoreEnergy consumption has significantly increased beside of urbanization growth. It may go up so fast that it results in environmental Issues and greater natural resource depletions. Therefore, the use of renewable and clean fuel is considered necessary. Currently, macro-algae are cultivated in various regions of the world for various industrial and food usages. Macro-algae are known as a specific resource of alternative for energy production due to their biochemical properties such as high level of carbohydrate, lipid and protein. Various biotechnology methods have been developed for energy producing from macro-algae which are divided into two categories: 1) biochemical processes (fermentation, digestion) and 2) thermochemical processes (incineration, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction). Depending on the type of methods, the product are categorized under different phases such as solid, liquid and gas. In this study, we will review the methods and studies on the energy production of different species of macroalgae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Comparison the changes of two Hinosan and Butachlor toxins in Groundwater resources from Guilan province
maryam panahandeh mehdi ashournia Mirmoslem Rahbar hashemi hadi ModabberiThe aim of this study was to compare the content of two commonly used poisons in Guilan province in order to increase the crops, especially rice, in water used by residents of Gilan in spring. For this purpose, 20 wells were selected in the villages of Guilan. The extra MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the content of two commonly used poisons in Guilan province in order to increase the crops, especially rice, in water used by residents of Gilan in spring. For this purpose, 20 wells were selected in the villages of Guilan. The extraction process was carried out using liquid and N-hexane-dichloromethane (1: 1) phases for analysis. The extraction product was injected into a gas chromatograph with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) for measurement. The sampling and measurement process was carried out. Quantitative measurements were carried out using external standard methods. The studies carried out confirmed that in the study chapter, the study of the content of Hinosan and Butachlor pesticides is not more than standard and more acceptable, but due to their toxicity and their long-term effects on creatures Consumers, especially humans, it be used continuous monitoring of their amount in water by residents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Study of Solid Waste Management in Rural Healthcare Center (Case Study rural Healthcare Centers of Rasht)
fatemeh ghanbari zeynab bazargard batol sedighiMedical waste is a part of municipal solid waste which is classified as hazardous solid waste. One of the sources of medical waste is rural healthcare centers that are prominent because of having infectious waste. This research aims to study of medical waste in rural he MoreMedical waste is a part of municipal solid waste which is classified as hazardous solid waste. One of the sources of medical waste is rural healthcare centers that are prominent because of having infectious waste. This research aims to study of medical waste in rural healthcare center, the quantity of waste and the method of waste management.This study was done in two countries of Rasht. The method was according to physical analysis and questionnaires.Total amount of medical waste in studied area is 274.3 kg/year. The amount of semi-household waste and medical waste are 75 and 25 percent, respectively. The result of questionnaires indicates lack of solid waste management system in rural healthcare centers of Rasht.The results reveal that the amount of medical waste in studied district is low. This amount is a great deal less than the amount of municipal hospital waste in other research. Although the amount of medical waste is negligible, lack of management system for medical waste separation, storage and disposal will cause undesirable impact on human and their environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A review of the assessment and management of the ecological risk of invasive plants
ساجده مدنی mokarram ravanbakhsh مریم پناهندهDue to the increase in human activities, the destructive impact on the environment is not limited to a particular region of the world. Including the destructive impacts are entering non-native plant species around the world that during the 200 years ago with the spread MoreDue to the increase in human activities, the destructive impact on the environment is not limited to a particular region of the world. Including the destructive impacts are entering non-native plant species around the world that during the 200 years ago with the spread of agriculture, increase the exchange of goods, increased human activities as well as increasing environmental destruction, it's increasing. Although only a limited number of non-native species can be invasive, the negative effects of these species on natural and crop communities, human and animal health, and the changing ecosystem characteristics are so high that the research process is constantly expanding in this regard. One of the damages, which has received considerable attention in recent years, is the problem of the introduction of non-native (invasive) plant species into natural ecosystems, but not all non-native species are harmful. Sometimes non-native species are well absorbed by the ecosystem and positioned like native species. But invasive species are species that are not native ecosystems, and their entry causes economic, environmental or human health damage. In this study, the ecological risk assessment of aggressive plants will be provided and suitable strategies for controlling entry and risk reduction will be presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Environmental risk assesssment of construction of caspian port in Anzali free zone by using Integration AHP& TOPSIS
shamim moghadami niloofar Abedinzade Maryam Haghighi khomamiEnvironmental risk assessment is a further step of environmental impact assessment and analyze different aspects of risk, while understanding the Environmental impact zone, the environmental sensitivity of the area affected by special environmental values as well as ana MoreEnvironmental risk assessment is a further step of environmental impact assessment and analyze different aspects of risk, while understanding the Environmental impact zone, the environmental sensitivity of the area affected by special environmental values as well as analysis and risk assessment district is considered. To accomplish this study first by using of field investigation the activities which leads to risk in construction of Caspian port water front were identified and in order to extract the significant risks the specialists questioner (Delphi) was used. Finally among the identified risks, 10 environmental risks were chosen for prioritizing.After identifying the risks, indicators such as probability, severity of risk and the sensibility of the environment were selected as prioritizing criteria. AHP method and ECPRO 2000 software, for determining the risk probability, for determination the severity of risk scores and the reference texts for determining the values of sensitivity were applied. After determining the indicators, the TOPSIS software was used to risk prioritizing. The results of prioritizing studied risk showed that the highest risk is related to increased turbidity, deformation of substrate and water pollution are with weights 0.938, 0.898 and 0.662 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigation of Using Ultrafiltration and Fenton Combined treatment method for pulp and paper wastewater Treatment
niloofar Abedinzade alireza pendashteh Fariba OstovarIn this study, the treatability of pulp and paper wastewater has been studied using a combined method (ultrafiltration and fenton) in a laboratory scale. First, the effect of membrane filtration on the removal of turbidity and COD, as well as membrane flux and membrane MoreIn this study, the treatability of pulp and paper wastewater has been studied using a combined method (ultrafiltration and fenton) in a laboratory scale. First, the effect of membrane filtration on the removal of turbidity and COD, as well as membrane flux and membrane fouling were investigated, and then the advanced oxidation method was used to supplement the treatment and increase the removal efficiency of the pollutants. At the end of the membrane filtration operation, the removal efficiency of turbidity was 99%. Based on the results, the average COD of the filtration process with 41.8% removal efficiency was 906 mg/ l. Under optimal pressure conditions bar-1, the amount of membrane flux in the first backwash was equal to 1/99 L.m-2.h-1 which this amount reached to 1/26 L.m-2.h-1after the fourth backwash. the Fenton process removed 862/5 mg /L COD from the pretreated wastewater by UF membrane with an optimal dose of 1.5 mM for Fe +2 and 6 mM for a hydrogen peroxide at an initial pH of 3 and at a 17minute reaction time .In these conditions, the removal efficiency of COD, BOD5 and color was 95%, 90.3% and 92.1% respectively, These results shows high efficiency of the advanced oxidation process to remove contaminants in pulp and paper wastewater Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Integrated Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and GIS for Land use Suitability Analysis
ladan kazemi radRecognizing and determining the suitability and talent of the earth is one of the primary measures in spatial and environmental planning for physical and urban development. The aim of this research is to identify and determine the spatial distribution of suitable areas MoreRecognizing and determining the suitability and talent of the earth is one of the primary measures in spatial and environmental planning for physical and urban development. The aim of this research is to identify and determine the spatial distribution of suitable areas for physical development in Guilan province. Land suitability was determined by hierarchical process analysis (AHP) method and using seven natural criteria including gradient, altitude, cover, rainfall, distance from fault, rock, soil. The land suitability for physical development was divided into three large, moderate and low classes, and its zoning map was prepared. The results showed that, regardless of the protected areas and the wetland, about 62% of the study area is located in the class with a high proportion. With the consideration of other parameters, these areas can be considered for developmental planning by planners and policy makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Investigation of the ability for removal of methylene blue cationic dye in aqueous samples using synthetic polymers
Marzieh Hasanzadeh Fariba OstovarIn this research, the ability for removal of methylene blue cationic dye using Electro active polymers based on polypyrrole (PPy) and poly (3-methylthiophene) (P3MTh) in a batch system were studied. Sawdust (SD) was made from wood, after patching, as a holder for coatin MoreIn this research, the ability for removal of methylene blue cationic dye using Electro active polymers based on polypyrrole (PPy) and poly (3-methylthiophene) (P3MTh) in a batch system were studied. Sawdust (SD) was made from wood, after patching, as a holder for coating polymers and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Anionic Surfactant (SDS) was used to modify the surface of the sawdust. The effects of some important parameters such as pH, initial concentration of dye and contact time were investigated. To evaluate the obtained data, adsorption isotherm curves (Langmuir and Freundlich) were used. The adsorption efficiency for methylene blue was maximized at alkaline pH. Adsorption capacity increased with increasing initial concentration and contact time. In all cases, the adsorption process complies with Langmuir isotherm and represents the homogeneous and single-layer process. Also, the adsorption capacity obtained in SD/PPy, SD /PPy / SDS and SD / P3MTh polymers were 59/52, 400 and 1000 mg/g, respectively. Based on the studies and the results obtained in this study, it was found that these polymer materials can effectively be used in waste dyes, such as textile industry, which they have the great environmental significance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - An Overview of Oil Pollution in the Caspian Sea
Hamoun Jalilzadeh mehran parsa mohammad reza golriz eram sadatiCrude oil is a mixture of pure compounds, from the chemical point of view, oil is a mixture of hundreds of molecular compounds called hydrocarbons. Therefore, in this article, various families of hydrocarbons are studied without going into organic chemistry. Then, oil h MoreCrude oil is a mixture of pure compounds, from the chemical point of view, oil is a mixture of hundreds of molecular compounds called hydrocarbons. Therefore, in this article, various families of hydrocarbons are studied without going into organic chemistry. Then, oil hydrocarbons and in particular PAHs, which are the main subject of this research, are being examined. Moreover, an overview of the information gathered about the effects and toxicity of these compounds. The presence of oil pollution in many years in the seas and coastlines of the world has made this topic very much to be considered. Many studies have been conducted to investigate these contaminations, some of which are mentioned in this article. Oil pollution studies related to the Caspian Sea are widely discussed in this paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Environmental effects of sustainable energies (Case Study: Solar, Wind and Hydroelectric Energy)
fatemeh ghanbari farham amin shareIncreasing air pollution and global warming due to the excessive use of fossil fuels attracted public attention to climate change. Accordingly, the expected increase in demand for other alternative energy sources especialy renewable energy is predictable. While some res MoreIncreasing air pollution and global warming due to the excessive use of fossil fuels attracted public attention to climate change. Accordingly, the expected increase in demand for other alternative energy sources especialy renewable energy is predictable. While some research on renewable energy shows that these kind of energy also have undesirable environmental effects. In this study solar energy systems, wind power and hydroelectric power systems wew investigated and their effects on air, soil, sound and effect on wildlife were studied. The results show that although these kind of energy are called clean energy, they have negative environmental effects. This research also suggests ways to prevent the effects of destructive renewable energy sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Development process on regional risk assessment
ساجده مدنی mokarram ravanbakhsh مریم پناهندهEcoRA, which is aimed at appraising a wide range of undesirable impacts on ecosystems exposed to a possible eco-environmental hazard, has been highly recommended for environmental decision-making. In this paper reviews the development history of ecological risk assessme MoreEcoRA, which is aimed at appraising a wide range of undesirable impacts on ecosystems exposed to a possible eco-environmental hazard, has been highly recommended for environmental decision-making. In this paper reviews the development history of ecological risk assessment (EcoRA) and presents a perspective for EcoRA and management. In addition, regional EcoRA needs to make further efforts, especially in theoretical study, uncertainty analysis, integrated use of GIS software and comprehensive risk assessment at regional scale in the future work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Environmental review of the automotive industry and the ways to reduce its pollution
seyed sajad bidva Marzieh HasanzadehIn recent decades, with the rapid growth of urbanization and population growth in cities, the use of public transport and personal vehicles has been on the rise, which has many consequences such as greater dependence on the car, long travels, increased transportation co MoreIn recent decades, with the rapid growth of urbanization and population growth in cities, the use of public transport and personal vehicles has been on the rise, which has many consequences such as greater dependence on the car, long travels, increased transportation costs and most importantly, environmental hazards and air pollution. The Irregular use of cars leads to the loss of irreversible energy, the effects of greenhouse gas, and the dissatisfaction of townspeople of the high levels of noise and air pollution, resulting in a reduction in economic efficiency. In this regard, governments have set various rules and standards for reducing car pollution and the car makers are required to comply with them. These requirements have prompted carmakers to find ways to reduce the environmental pollution of their products and to create new technologies in this industry. Therefore, attention to environmental studies in the automotive industry is one of the most important factors. In this research, we investigate the types of pollution caused by automobile industry and practical ways to reduce these contaminations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Investigation of Ability to Degradation and Removal of Various Dyes Using Silver Colloidal Nanoparticles
Mohadeseh Tavakoli Fariba OstovarColors are one of the most important pollutants of water, and only one entry into the water can significantly reduce the quality of water. In addition, due to the synthetic origin and the presence of complex molecules in the structure of colors, the purification process MoreColors are one of the most important pollutants of water, and only one entry into the water can significantly reduce the quality of water. In addition, due to the synthetic origin and the presence of complex molecules in the structure of colors, the purification process is sometimes accompanied by some problems. Colloidal nanoparticles play an important role in technology, especially in the manufacture of glass and ceramics, and are used as a suitable method for cleaning pollutants in water and wastewater. In this study, a chemical regeneration method was used to synthesize colloidal silver nanoparticles. Then, to evaluate the efficiency of synthetic silver nanoparticles, several solutions of dye and pigments such as sulfur, azo, reactive, cationic and anionic dyes were prepared and synthetic material was used for degradation of different colors. Finally, the effect of this colloidal nanoparticle on each of them was studied and compared. The results showed that silver colloidal nanoparticles have the ability to degradation and removal of methyl orange and methyl red dyes from aqueous samples, and these nanoparticles can be used for treatment the water and wastewater containing these dyes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Waste Management of Petrochemical Industries and Its Management
زهرا ضمیرایی علی ناهدNatural gas and crude distillates such as naphtha from petroleum refining are used as feedstocks to manufacture a wide range of petrochemicals that are in turn used in the manufacture of consumer goods. Petrochemical plants are typically l MoreNatural gas and crude distillates such as naphtha from petroleum refining are used as feedstocks to manufacture a wide range of petrochemicals that are in turn used in the manufacture of consumer goods. Petrochemical plants are typically large and complex, and the combination and sequence of products manufactured are often unique to the plant. Petrochemical plants generate significant amounts of solid wastes and sludges, some of which are hazardous because of the presence of toxic organics and heavy metals. A good practice target for a petrochemical complex is to reduce total organic emissions (including VOCs) from the process units to 0.6% of the throughput. In this paper a variety of control of air emissions techniques is has been studied. Petrochemical waste waters often require a combination of treatment methods to remove oil and other contaminants before discharge. For solid and hazardous wastes, combustion (preceded in some cases by solvent extraction) of toxic organics is considered an effective treatment technology for petrochemical organic wastes. Steam stripping and oxidation are also used for treating organic waste streams. The generation of sludges should be minimized. Wastes containing toxic metals should be stabilized before disposal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Analysis of vulnerability of groundwater resources and analysis of the sensitivity of drastic model using map removal and single-element mapping methods using Monte Carlo technique
hadi Modabberi Mirmoslem Rahbar hashemi mehdi ashourniaApplying a proper management on water resources by identifying vulnerable areas as the first solution can be useful. The purpose of this study was to assess the vulnerability in the central plain of Guilan with drastic model. To identify the vulnerable areas of the cent MoreApplying a proper management on water resources by identifying vulnerable areas as the first solution can be useful. The purpose of this study was to assess the vulnerability in the central plain of Guilan with drastic model. To identify the vulnerable areas of the central plain of the Guilan plain to pollution, drastic model was used and an aquifer vulnerability map was developed. The principles of the drastic model are based on the combination of seven components, depth to static level, net nutrition, aquifer environment, soil environment, topography, unsaturated environment, and hydraulic conductivity, which after ranking and applying weight impact on each component and algebraic composition of seven components, the final result will indicate the aquifer vulnerability. For this purpose, first, the information of the seven components in the central aquifer of Guilan was collected, and after entering in the GIS software, the layers needed for the model were finally prepared. Then, by using overlapping techniques after applying the required weight coefficients for each layer, a final vulnerability map was prepared. The profile of the drastic model varied from 82 to 182 for the vulnerability of the central aquifer of Guilan. The final drastic model map showed that 48.64% of the area had a high vulnerability and 50.55% had moderate vulnerability and only a small area of the plain (0.81%) had a low vulnerability. Based on the sensitivity method of map removal and single component and using the Monte Carlo technique, the depth distance to the station level was identified as the most effective component and saturation zone as the second most effective component in the central plain of Guilan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Coagulant recovery from waterworks sludge by acid digestion method
S Elaheh Mahdavian Ahagh Fariba OstovarCoagulation is a process that increases the tendency of small particles in an aqueous suspension to attach to one another and to surfaces such as the media in a filter bed and is applied through mixing coagulants such as aluminum sulfate (alum), ferric chloride and poly MoreCoagulation is a process that increases the tendency of small particles in an aqueous suspension to attach to one another and to surfaces such as the media in a filter bed and is applied through mixing coagulants such as aluminum sulfate (alum), ferric chloride and polyaluminum chloride with raw water. Sludge containing coagulant is formed after coagulation and through sedimentation of natural turbidity. Presence of high amounts of coagulant in waterworks sludge, increases environmental risks and disposal costs. Coagulants in sludge have high economic value. Therefore, if these coagulants recover, not only sludge disposal risks but also expenses related to supply of fresh coagulant in water or wastewater treatment plant may decrease. In this paper, researches conducted by acid digestion method for coagulant recovery from waterworks sludge are investigated. Amounts of coagulant recovery, advantages and disadvantages and economic aspects of this method are studied. Results of the investigation showed that using sulfuric acid is the best option for conducting acid digestion process because it is cheap and available. Moreover, if the purpose of recovering process is to achieve a recovered coagulant with a similar quality to the commercial ones, acid digestion method will not satisfy related standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Study of habitat loss and fragmentation in Lisar Protected Area based on landscape ecology approach
Mohammad panahandehLandscape ecology metrics are used to describe composition and configuration of landscapes. The aim of this study was examination of habitat loss and fragmentation in Lisar Protected area in Guilan province during time period of 1990-2015.In this study , using Landsat MoreLandscape ecology metrics are used to describe composition and configuration of landscapes. The aim of this study was examination of habitat loss and fragmentation in Lisar Protected area in Guilan province during time period of 1990-2015.In this study , using Landsat images(1990-2015), after radiometric and atmospheric correction, three density classes of forest cover(10-40%,40-70% and above 70%) were produced. Reference maps and field study were applied for interpretation of images and maximum likelihood method was used for classification. Using ArcGis and Patch Analyst software, with derived metrics, trend of habitat loss and fragmentation was examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Environmental Impact Assessment of Steel Plant Construction
هانیه میربلوکی niloofar Abedinzade fatemeh ghanbariToday, steel production and consumption is applied as an important criterion for measuring the degree of countries industrial development. Needing to investment in construction and economic infrastructure in developing countries, their steel production policy is in the MoreToday, steel production and consumption is applied as an important criterion for measuring the degree of countries industrial development. Needing to investment in construction and economic infrastructure in developing countries, their steel production policy is in the direction of producing the various types of structural steel. In this regard, the main object of the studied steel plant construction is creating jobs in the region, reducing imports and contributing to the country's economic development through carbon ingot production with electric arc furnace technology. After assigning the direct study area of the project, the major contaminants arising from the project implementation were investigated in construction and implementation phases and the corrective actions considered to reduce the contaminants effects. In this research, Rapid Assessment method was used for environmental impact assesment that according to the results, among 96 detected impacts, 55.1 percent of the impacts are negative and 44.9 percent are positive that in case of observing the corrective actions before and after the project implementation, its negative impacts will be minimized. Also, it is recommended that after the plant costruction, apply a periodic monitoring of the outlet contaminants every three months. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - A review of widely used industrial dyes and their removal methods from water and wastewater
Fariba Ostovar Marzieh HasanzadehIn recent years, the expansion of industries has led to increase industrial wastewater production and environmental pollution. Dyes materials are one of the most important pollutants in industrial wastewater. Today, dyes are widely used in various industries such as tex MoreIn recent years, the expansion of industries has led to increase industrial wastewater production and environmental pollution. Dyes materials are one of the most important pollutants in industrial wastewater. Today, dyes are widely used in various industries such as textile, paper, leather, printing, and cosmetics. Drainage of colored wastewater does not only affect the aesthetic aspect of the receiving water but also reduces the process of photosynthesis. Also, the colors and their intermediate products are toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic for aquatic life. Most of these dyes cause skin allergies, dermatitis, and itching, and accelerate the incidence of cancer and mutation in humans. Therefore, industrial wastewaters containing dye need to be treated prior to discharge into the receiving environment. The purpose of this study was to provide a summary of the most important industrial dyes, the health and environmental effects of dyes as pollutants, and to describe the methods for their removal from water and wastewater. In this study, different dye removal methods such as biological, physical and surface adsorption methods were described and the best process for treatment of colored wastewater was introduced considering the economical cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Study of Land Use Change Using Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing Techniques
Mehrdad Khanmohammadi Maryam Haghighi khomami Mohammad panahandeh Mahsa Abdoli LaktasaraeiIndeed, protected areas, national parks and biosphere reserves in general, are the natural heritage of each country. Therefore, knowledge of their changes plays an essential role in management of these areas. Remote sensing is one of the most advanced and effective tech MoreIndeed, protected areas, national parks and biosphere reserves in general, are the natural heritage of each country. Therefore, knowledge of their changes plays an essential role in management of these areas. Remote sensing is one of the most advanced and effective technology for monitoring environmental changes and resource management. The purpose of this research is to detect the land use /cover changes in Bojagh National Park in Guilan province during 2000-2017. For this purpose, the images of ETM+ sensor from the landsat 7 were taken in the year 2000 and the images of OLI sensor from the landsat 8 were taken in the year 2017. After applying the necessary preprocessing on the images, the training points were selected for each user class in sufficient number and with appropriate processing then, the land use / cover map was produced using the supervised classification method with maximum likelihood algorithm. Using the Overall accuracy test and Kappa coefficients, accuracy of the produced maps was determined. The results of the study indicated that the areas of the sea, grassland and the areas of the waterbody parts has decreased and the areas of the agricultural, marshland, man-made, woody and bare lands users show an increase during the study period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Numerical Simulation of the effect of wall divergence and reverse slope on the charcterestics of hydraulic jump using Flow3D sofware
Amir kasi Kovzani Mohammad hosein karimi PashakiStilling basins are one of the most common structures for energy depreciation of flow with high velocity that among different sections and types of these basins, diverging stilling basins have better hydraulic performance and lower constructional costs. In this research MoreStilling basins are one of the most common structures for energy depreciation of flow with high velocity that among different sections and types of these basins, diverging stilling basins have better hydraulic performance and lower constructional costs. In this research, numerical modeling capability of diverging hydraulic jump on the reverse slope was investigated using Flow3D software. Experimental model data was used at divergence angles of 5 and 10 degrees in diverging angels of 1.3, 2.35, 3.2, 4.57 degrees in addition to classic hydraulic jump. The outputs of simulation model in comparison with the results of experimental data indicated that the model shows the amount of water surface profiles, jump length and maximum velocity in depth with good accuracy. The results showed that the mean relative error of water depth obtained from numerical model and measured values is about 15 percent. The velocity profiles were also in good agreement with the measured data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Evaluation the hydrodynamic and morphology changes in Sefidrood river estuary
مرتضی کریمی Jamal Mohammad Vali SamaniGeomorphic changes of low-coastal areas, such as wetlands, estuaries and beaches depend heavily on the balance between input sediment from the basin or the sea and the outflow sediment with erosion source arising from wind waves and tidal flows. In this research, the fl MoreGeomorphic changes of low-coastal areas, such as wetlands, estuaries and beaches depend heavily on the balance between input sediment from the basin or the sea and the outflow sediment with erosion source arising from wind waves and tidal flows. In this research, the flow and sediment pattern were investigated using MIKE21 model in the Sefidrud River and how the influence of flow pattern, sediment transport and sea water level changes on evolution of the delta and coastline were studied by landsat. The factors such as flow and sediment load of the river, sea level, wind and wave pattern are the most important factors which affect these changes. This study can provide a properly field for a right management in order to the region’s sustainable development, adequate knowledge of the Sefid-Roud hydrodynamic and sediment situation in estuary area, as well as taking the necessary measures to prevent damages caused by the Caspian Sea’s long-term fluctuations in the Sefid-Roud’s deltaic region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Determinetion of site selection pattern of municipal waste incineration power plant
sadaf feizi mehdi AalipoorNowadays, environmental hazards that originated from inappropriate management of waste are one of the main problems of the country. Therefore, the development of waste management system and new and advanced technologies entry is necessary. Waste disposal by incinerator MoreNowadays, environmental hazards that originated from inappropriate management of waste are one of the main problems of the country. Therefore, the development of waste management system and new and advanced technologies entry is necessary. Waste disposal by incinerator is an effective method. Unlike landfill, the use of incineration does not require long-term care and there is the possibility of energy extraction. One of the main disadvantages of this method is emission of air pollutants from the stuck of incinerators and management of the residual wastes such as ash. Therefore, selecting the best place for construction of the municipal waste incineration power plant will increase its benefits, reduce costs and eliminate community dissatisfaction by identifying and considering the involved and effective factors such as environmental, economic and social factors. In this paper, literature reviewes, searching for valid universal guidelines and the related articles in databases were used to introduce and compare the criteria mentioned for locating the municipal waste incineration power plant as one of the most important steps in designing a comprehensive waste management system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Studying the state of climatic comfort in historical and ancient museum site of Booye- Amlash for tourism
mohammad ali rahimipour sheikhani nejad farzaneh nasiri jan agha habib mahmoudi chenari hadi ModabberiThe purpose of this paper is recognizing the potential of the bioclimatic comfort, ease of outdoors and tourism of this region in months of the year which is operated as a part of a research project with the aim of using the site of Booye- Amlash and increasing its econ MoreThe purpose of this paper is recognizing the potential of the bioclimatic comfort, ease of outdoors and tourism of this region in months of the year which is operated as a part of a research project with the aim of using the site of Booye- Amlash and increasing its economic efficiency. In this paper the residents comfort or lack of comfort is evaluated using statistic information gathered in Espily station in a 20 months’ period during the years 1991 to 2011, according to the models and bioclimatic indicators such as Evans method, baker method (CP), effective temperature method (ET) and Olgi method. The Results of this paper considering environmental conditions indicate that October, May, June, July, Agust and September are the best times for visitors entery the studying area that the comfort conditions are almost available. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Evaluation and comparison of some green methods for synthesis of silver nanoparticles
sepide hamedi seyed abbas shojaossadatiNowadays, there is an increasing need to develop high-yield, low cost, nontoxic, and eco-friendly procedures for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Therefore, the green synthesis methods become customary for synthesis of nanoparticles. Among metallic nanoparticles, na MoreNowadays, there is an increasing need to develop high-yield, low cost, nontoxic, and eco-friendly procedures for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Therefore, the green synthesis methods become customary for synthesis of nanoparticles. Among metallic nanoparticles, nanosilver has developed because of its therapeutic properties. So in this paper, polysaccharide, tollens and biological green methods were investigated. In polysaccharide and tollens methods, starch and β-D glucose were used as a satabilizer and reducer respectively. In biological method biomass and cell filtrate of the Fusarium oxysporum fungus were used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. SEM images and UV-visible absorbtion spectra of these procedures showed that the polysaccharide method produced smaller silver nanoparticles wih high productivity. The changes of NADH-dependant nitrate reductase enzyme activity was evaluated in growh duration by colorometric Harely method due to importance of this enzyme in extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Results showed that the changes of dry cell mass impact on the enzyme activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Evaluation of the Efficiency of Tallens, Polysaccharides and microbial Methods in Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
One of the important aspects of nanotechnology application is expanding sustainable and eco-friendly procedures for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Therefore, the green synthesis methods become customary for synthesis of nanoparticles. In this research, green polys MoreOne of the important aspects of nanotechnology application is expanding sustainable and eco-friendly procedures for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Therefore, the green synthesis methods become customary for synthesis of nanoparticles. In this research, green polysaccharide methods, modified polysaccharide, tollens and microbial methods were investigated. In polysaccharide and tollens methods, starch and β-D glucose were used as a satabilizer and reducer respectively. In biological method biomass and cell filtrate of the Fusarium oxysporum fungus were used for synthesis of nanoparticles. SEM images and UV-visible absorbtion spectra of these procedures showed that the polysaccharide method produced smaller silver nanoparticles (20 nm), more resistance (2 months) and higher efficiency. Also, TEM imageindicated that the shapes of these particles are spherical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Modeling the correlation between drought, number of rainy days and evapotranspiration in Fars province
maryam khosravian alireza entezari Mohammad baaghide rahman zandiDrought is one of the recurring phenomena in all parts of the world with high-rainfall and low-rainfall climates and it is consider as a natural disaster. Iran is also one of the countries which involved in this phenomenon in different places. Its characteristics, such MoreDrought is one of the recurring phenomena in all parts of the world with high-rainfall and low-rainfall climates and it is consider as a natural disaster. Iran is also one of the countries which involved in this phenomenon in different places. Its characteristics, such as the severity, duration, and extent of the drought, are vary from place to place and its damages is depending on the country's planning. In this regard, the necessity of knowing the correct weather conditions and climatic characteristics of different regions have become clear to planners through environmental, economic, agricultural and industrial potentials and their optimal use, as well as predicting the occurrence of natural disasters such as floods and droughts. In this study, for evaluating and comparing drought and wetness events, the precipitation data for the period (1987-2017), as well as the evaporation and transpiration data and the number of rainy days during a statistical period of 10 years (2008-2017) were obtained from 9 stations in Fars province. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) was used, and the Arc GIS software, the drought zoning, evaporation and transpiration maps, and the number of rainy days in the province were plotted. In the studied years, Fars province has faced a near-normal state for 24 years in and drought for 5 years and wetness for one year. The drought situation was studied and analyzed in Shiraz city in the continuation. According to the obtained results, the drought in Shiraz city is more severe than the other parts of the province and it will continue in the future. The SPI index has the highest correlation with the parameters of the number of rainy days with a rate of (0.46) and evaporation and transpiration with a rate of (0.26) in 2012 and 2008. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Evaluation of natural adsorbents in water and wastewater treatment
Mohadeseh TavakoliWith increasing industrial activities and discharging untreated wastewater which contains various environmental pollutants to aquatic environments, problems such as reducing the penetration of light, anaerobic conditions and complications such as allergies and cancer fo MoreWith increasing industrial activities and discharging untreated wastewater which contains various environmental pollutants to aquatic environments, problems such as reducing the penetration of light, anaerobic conditions and complications such as allergies and cancer for humans and other living organisms will occur. Surface absorption is one of the most effective and efficient methods for the removal of environmental pollutants and among the common methods for treatment of wastewater, applying natural adsorbents are more efficient than the other methods and is more economic. Since there are many natural adsorbents in nature, they are very inexpensive, they are even free in some cases; adsorption of contaminants by these materials can be a suitable way to remove the toxic substances of contaminated water and industrial wastewater. In this paper, we study some of bioactive adsorbents in order to remove contamination from industrial wastewater. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Application of DRASTIC in industrial development of Sari plain with impact on environmental pollution
Mohammad rahmaniIndustrial developments must follow environmental codes to sustain soil, water and air quality. Therefore, assessment of aquifer vulnerability potential for locating new industrial settlements is necessary. In this research, the vulnerability of Sari plain groundwater r MoreIndustrial developments must follow environmental codes to sustain soil, water and air quality. Therefore, assessment of aquifer vulnerability potential for locating new industrial settlements is necessary. In this research, the vulnerability of Sari plain groundwater resources to the establishment of industrial zones is evaluated by DRASTIC model. Results show that Sari aquifer is very vulnerable to industrial development and the vulnerability map of the plain consists of three zones. The first, second and third zones that covers 10.49%, 56.66% and 32.85% of areal extent of the plain are classified as highly, very highly and too highly vulnerable, respectively. Parameter sensitivity analysis showed that the depth of the water-table is the most effective factor on the DRASTIC vulnerability index. Sari shallow aquifer is strongly affected by pollutants from agricultural and industrial activities. The study area is not suitable for the establishment of industrial estates based on the vulnerability map. Moreover, if environmental considerations are not respected by farmers and the existing industrial units in the plain, the aquifer will be suffering serious damages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Investigation of the trend of land use changes in Rey city using remote sensing data
sara foroutan mahmoud shariat mirmasoud kheirkhah zarkesh rahim sarvarRey city has experienced unprecedented urban growth in recent decades that leading to drastic changes in the land use of the region. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to investigate the changes in land use area of Rey city during the years 1988 to 2006 using ae MoreRey city has experienced unprecedented urban growth in recent decades that leading to drastic changes in the land use of the region. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to investigate the changes in land use area of Rey city during the years 1988 to 2006 using aerial photographs and satellite images of Landsat and IRS. With supervised and unsupervised classification of the satellite images, 4 land uses types including urban lands, agricultural lands, green spaces and barren lands were extracted. Land use layers were compared in pairs and the rate of land use changes was extracted. The results showed that urban land use made and urban green space have increased 369.7 and 55.6 hectares, respectively, and agricultural lands and barren lands have decreased 213.8 and 211.5 hectares, respectively. The growth of residential areas during a period of 6 years from 2000 to 2006 totally with 212.7 hectares has been faster changed than a period of 12 years from 1988 to 2000 with 157 hectares. A pairwise comparison matrix of land uses was used to determine the amount of environmental damages caused by unprincipled changes in the region land uses in the studying period. The results show that the conversion of barren lands, agriculture and urban green space into residential lands with the amounts 44.65, 42.44 and 14.85 causes high degree of environmental damages. Land use change, especially the loss of vegetation, has a negative impact on the landscape. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Investigation of the employment status of environmental and health graduates in Karaj municipality
Seyed Hassan Mousavi Farhad SoufiyanThe purpose of this study is investigation of the employment status of environmental and health graduates in Karaj Municipality. In the first step, frequency and frequency percentage of all employers at three levels of completely related fields of education (including e MoreThe purpose of this study is investigation of the employment status of environmental and health graduates in Karaj Municipality. In the first step, frequency and frequency percentage of all employers at three levels of completely related fields of education (including environmental science and environmental health), semi-related fields of education and unrelated fields of education were investigated in three groups of central headquarters, organizations and regions according to the information received from the planning deputy of Karaj municipality. In the second step, the relationship between education and work responsibility of experts and heads of the responsible departments for environmental protection was investigated. The results showed that only 1% of the total personnel of Karaj Municipality have a specialty in completely related fields of study and 3.1% of them were graduates in semi-related fields of study. Only 8 (16.3%) of the 49 personnels with completely related fields of study, have been employed in their education-related responsibilities. The results also showed that only 5 (42%) of 12 heads of the departments or responsible personnels for environmental protection have education in completely related fields of study and only one of them were graduates in semi-related fields of study. This fact indicates the lack of attention of municipal managers to the existing organizational chart and non-regulation of the responsibilities distribution especially in the environment and health field. Based on the research results, reviewing and modifying the process of personnel recruitment and using managers and experts with a relevant specialty in the Karaj municipality is necessary as the first prerequisite for managing and preserving the environment to achieve sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Estimation of wheat area cultivation using Sentinel 2 satellite images (Case study: Sojasroud region, Khodabandeh city, Zanjan province)
Seyed Ahmad Seyed Ahmad Nadia Abbaszadeh Tehrani Milad JanalipourWheat is one of the strategic agricultural products which provides one of the most basic nutritional needs of human societies for Iran and the whole world. Having the right statistics and information of the lands under wheat cultivation and estimating the amount of thei MoreWheat is one of the strategic agricultural products which provides one of the most basic nutritional needs of human societies for Iran and the whole world. Having the right statistics and information of the lands under wheat cultivation and estimating the amount of their production in one crop year can help the planners of agriculture and industry to manage the production and consumption of the mentioned product as effectively as possible. One of the tools that can calculate the level of wheat cultivation in the shortest time and with low cost and appropriate accuracy is the science and technology of remote sensing. In the present study, using a supervised classification of images from several time of Sentinel 2, the area under wheat cultivation and its production rate for the 96-97 crop year has been estimated. Supervised classification with the overall accuracy of 80% and a kappa coefficient of 0.8 has acceptable and suitable results for the identification and separation of wheat from other agricultural crops. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - New dominance of planktonic groups in the southeastern part of the Caspian sea
niloufar norouziAn ongoing ecological study of the Caspian Sea, in a particular distribution, identifying the species composition and regional variations, seems to be necessary before any study. According to this, in the present study, the type of dominance of planktonic groups in sout MoreAn ongoing ecological study of the Caspian Sea, in a particular distribution, identifying the species composition and regional variations, seems to be necessary before any study. According to this, in the present study, the type of dominance of planktonic groups in southeastern basin of the Caspian Sea (Golestan Province) was studied. For this purpose, sampling of planktonic groups was done once in September 2015 with 3 repetitions. The results of phytoplankton study showed that there are 4 orders, 4 families and 4 genera in the study areas, which constitute Euglenophyta (Euglena sp. 99.9% density), Dinoflagellata (Procentrum sp. 99.5% density) and Bacillariophyta (Diatum group. 100% density), the main phytoplanktons flora of the ecosystem, respectively. The Genus Euglena is the index of hypertrophic waters and is the first time that has been seen predominantly in the studied basins. The results of zooplankton study also indicate the destruction of this planktonic group (only 1 zooplankton of the species Keratella cochlearis from the genus Rotifera was observed), which is mainly due to the toxin produced by Euglena and the anaerobic conditions in the ecosystem. In general, the results indicate a critical quality status of the studied areas, the loss of high amounts of living fauna and flora and the dominance of toxic and inappropriate planktonic groups in the ecosystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Investigation of forest land use degradation due to dam construction using satellite images processing
mandana azizi Mohammad panahandehIdentify land uses and land use changes to investigate and monitor sensitive areas is essential for sustainable land planning and management. The main objective of this study is to investigate the land use changes caused by the construction of Shafarood Dam in the Hyrca MoreIdentify land uses and land use changes to investigate and monitor sensitive areas is essential for sustainable land planning and management. The main objective of this study is to investigate the land use changes caused by the construction of Shafarood Dam in the Hyrcanian forests in the north of Iran during a 17-year period using Landsat satellite imagery. To do this, three satellite imagery of the years 2000, 2013 and 2017 were used, and the corrections (geometric and atmospheric) were applied on the images and the map of the land use for each section in the region was prepared using the classification method of the maximum likelihood that the produced map have Kappa coefficient more than 86% and usage accuracy of 0.83. After classification, the comparison method was used to monitor the land use changes. The results revealed that in every three years, the most land cover of Shafarood watershed belongs to the forest class and in the next rank belongs to the rangeland class. As a result, the continuous decline of the forest class accured from 63.05 percent to 57.27 and 57.22 percent in the first section for the years 2013 and 2017 respectively. The continuous increase of the rock class (8.15-9.10-10.45) and bare lands (3.5- 4.47-5.08%) confirms it in the study area. Environmental challenges of constructing the Shafaroud dam is another emphasis on the importance of conducting advanced and specialized studies based on ecological methodologies and also increasing the decision makers awareness of Hyrcanian forests complexity which has formed in a very long-time period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Cheese whey recycling, the right approach to prevent environmental damage
Zahra Katabehei Moradi Maryam Haghighi khomami Hamed Kioumarsi hooshang dehghanzadeh saeed tamadoni jahromiToday, with increasing in production and diversity expansion of dairy products in factories and production of whey products, this food product has become very important. Whey is a water-soluble part of milk that is obtained by adding acid, heating, and coagulating the c MoreToday, with increasing in production and diversity expansion of dairy products in factories and production of whey products, this food product has become very important. Whey is a water-soluble part of milk that is obtained by adding acid, heating, and coagulating the cheese. This yellow liquid contains a lot of lactose and mineral compounds such as calcium and phosphorus, which is important to achieve in order to use as a food source and prevent environmental pollution. Since the wastewaters of the dairy industry have the highest levels of contamination, if the untreated wastewaters of this industry are discharged, serious environmental problems will be inevitable. On the other hand, a reduction in existing reserves and environmental problems followed by increasing use of fossil fuels has prompted researchers to produce new sources of renewable energy, and it can be said that new biological technologies, such as the use of whey as a way to produce biofuels, reduces the environmental problems of dischrging this kind of wastewaters into nature. Today, using biological technology, these compounds can be used to produce biofuels such as hydrogen, methane, and ethanol. So far, various methods and tests have been performed to produce these fuel sources and in this study, the effective strategies for recycling whey and preventing environmental damages are investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Spatial patterns of trees and height story competition over forest developmental stages in the mixed stands of Guilan
Maryam Kazempour Larsary Kambiz Taheri Abkenar Reza Akhavan Hassan pourbabaeiSpatial patterns of trees and their interactions specifically reflect mortality, gap creation, resource use, and also determine population dynamics such as seed dispersal, understory development, initial survival and establishment, growth, and competition. In this study MoreSpatial patterns of trees and their interactions specifically reflect mortality, gap creation, resource use, and also determine population dynamics such as seed dispersal, understory development, initial survival and establishment, growth, and competition. In this study, three one-hectare sample plots in the three stages of early development, maturity and decay were selected in an untouched mixed beech forest in order to consider competition of trees from different height stories along developmental stages and all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) larger than 7.5 cm by species were measured based on chest diameter, height and determination of cartesian coordinates using distance-azimuth method. Then, these stems data were first divided into three groups (lower, middle and upper stories) depending on their location in the vertical strata. The spatial patterns and spatial associations were analyzed among different tree height classes using univariate and bivariate Ripley’s K-function. Results showed that spatial pattern varied with canopy strata and scales in different development stages. Positively spatial associations of Fagus orientalis at upper and lower stories in initial and optimal staged and also among F. orientalis at upper and middle stories in decay stages influenced by shade-tolerance characteristics, seed dispersal limitation and the role of larger nurse trees as a shelter of small trees. Competition for resources was observed between Fagus orientalis at the middle story and Carpinus betulus at upper story in the all development stages. Recognizing spatial pattern and natural events guided by nature over time are necessary to carry out targeted forestry operations and In proportion to the evolutionary stages of forest stands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Comparison of support vector machine and artificial neural network classification methods to produce landuse maps (Case study: Bojagh National Park)
Mahsa Abdoli Laktasaraei Maryam Haghighi khomamiNational parks and wildlife shelter are the most important natural heritages; therefore, knowing of quantitative and qualitative changes in their land use plays an essential role in the quality of these areas' management. various algorithms have been developed to classi MoreNational parks and wildlife shelter are the most important natural heritages; therefore, knowing of quantitative and qualitative changes in their land use plays an essential role in the quality of these areas' management. various algorithms have been developed to classify satellite imagery in remote sensing, selecting an appropriate classification algorithm is very important in achieving the accurate results. In this research, a more accurate algorithm was determined by comparing the classification accuracy of two artificial neural network and support vector machine algorithms, and it was used to examine the process of the land use changes. The present study was performed in Boujagh National Park, in the Guilan Province, during the years 2000 to 2017, using satellite imagery ETM and OLI of Landsat 7 and 8. The results of the research revealed that the support vector machine algorithm with overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of 86.42 and 0.83 respectively for the year 2000 and, 90.65 and 0.88 for the year 2017, classified the satellite images more precisely, in comparison with the artificial neural network algorithm with overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of 83.71 and 0.80 respectively for the year 2000 and overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of 89.25 and 0.87 for the year 2017. Therefore, the land use maps of the support vector machine algorithm were used to determine the land use changes. The study of land use change by this method concluded that the areas of the waterbody, sea, grassland and agriculture have decreased and marshland, woody and bare lands classes showed an increase during the study period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Prioritization of energy recovery technologies from municipal solid waste (Case study of Mashhad)
Arman ShahnazariThermal energy recovery technologies which used to burn solid urban waste are one of the relatively new and appropriate methods in waste management. Heat and gases are generated by burning waste that can be used to generate energy. In this research, a decision model bas MoreThermal energy recovery technologies which used to burn solid urban waste are one of the relatively new and appropriate methods in waste management. Heat and gases are generated by burning waste that can be used to generate energy. In this research, a decision model based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is Provided to select the best thermochemical system based on three technical, economic and environmental criteria. In this study, waste incineration, gasification, pyrolysis and plasma systems were evaluated. Collection of required information was obtained by reviewing reliable sources and preparing and completing questionnaires. The study area in this study is Mashhad city. The results of this study indicate that among the studied systems, plasma system (technology) is the best option for energy recovery from solid wastes in Mashhad, after that, waste incineration, gasification and pyrolysis systems are in the next categories, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Detection and prediction of forest level changes in Guilan province using satellite images and geomod model
sahar abdollahi Vahid NasiriFollowing the rapid economic and social development in recent decades, human activity to use natural resources has been reflected in the form of infrastructure and agricultural activities. This has severely affected forests as an important ecosystem which are considered MoreFollowing the rapid economic and social development in recent decades, human activity to use natural resources has been reflected in the form of infrastructure and agricultural activities. This has severely affected forests as an important ecosystem which are considered potential environmental resources for future evolution. The purpose of this study is to detect changes of Guilan province forest levels during a period of 20 years (1996-2016), also modeling and predict these changes for the next 15 years using the geomod model. Landsat TM and OLI sensor images were used to prepare land use maps for 1996, 2006, and 2016 periods. Satellite images were classified into forest and non-forest classes using the maximum likelihood method and multiple educational samples. The geomod model was simulated based on the changes made in the period 1996-2006, changes in forest cover using the variables of height, slope, direction, distance from residential, distance from a road, distance from forest, with implementation for 2016. The predicted validation results of the forest cover map in 2016 is indicator the overall accuracy and value of the kappa index equal to 94.19% and 0.9159, respectively. Based on the results of detecting changes during the study period (1996-2016), 1054.97 hectares of forest area in Guilan province has been reduced and with the continuation of this trend and stable conditions in the next 15 years until 2031, another 871 hectares will be reduced from its level. Given the importance role of Hyrcanian forests, it is necessary to conduct multi-time studies to monitor and detect changes. Obviously, the information from such studies can be used in managerial and strategic planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Environmental and Technical Assessment of Biogas Production using Rice Straw
Mahsa Khodabakhshi pour mohsenq mohammadi mohsen khodabakhshipourEnergy consumption is increasing rapidly in the world and it is expected that unrenewable energy sources will expire in the future; therefore, new methods of energy production are becoming more common all over the world. Biogas is one of the new and clean energies, whic MoreEnergy consumption is increasing rapidly in the world and it is expected that unrenewable energy sources will expire in the future; therefore, new methods of energy production are becoming more common all over the world. Biogas is one of the new and clean energies, which is produced from anaerobic fermentation of biomass. Guilan province with 238,000 hectares of paddy lands has significant potential for biogas production from organic residues. In this way, this study was carried out to investigate the process of biogas production from the combination of rice straw and animal waste with the ratios of (0-100), (5-95), (10-90), (15-85), (20-80) respectively in three repetitions. The experiment was performed at mesophilic temperature by anaerobic digestion method in the 1/5 lit bottles. An economic and environmental assessment for replacement of biogas produced in this process with fossil fuels was implemented in the village of Pounel in Guilan Province. The results showed that the ratio of 10% of rice straw had the highest biogas production efficiency and by replacing the biogas, 21 percent will save in fossil fuel consumption. It will also prevent the emission of 328.42 kg of CO2 gas into the atmosphere per year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Compare of the Application of Nano and Micro Wastes as Supplying Source of Zinc in Cucumber Hydroponic Culture
sahar moghaddasi fathallah karimzadehIn recent years, disposal of waste tires is an environmental challenge in many countries. Previous researches has been shown that rubber waste ash and its nanoparticles can be used as an effective source of zinc (Zn) for plant. In this research, feasibility of using nan MoreIn recent years, disposal of waste tires is an environmental challenge in many countries. Previous researches has been shown that rubber waste ash and its nanoparticles can be used as an effective source of zinc (Zn) for plant. In this research, feasibility of using nanoparticles and rubber waste (as zinc supplying source in plant) is studied moreover comparing the nanoparticles of rubber waste with commercial zinc sulfate fertilizer available in the market. In this regard, moreover nanoparticles production and characterization them by scanning and transient electron microscope, these wastes were used in cucumber hydroponic culture, then the quantitative and qualitative performance of the fed products were compared with the commercial zinc sulfate fertilizer available in the market. According to the obtained results, by reducing the particle size of the rubber from micron to nano, Zn extractable percentage increased from 1.5 to 2.5%. So, using rubber nanoparticles increased plant performance and also, increased Zn concentration in plant tissues compared with commercial zinc sulfate fertilizer and those grown in control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Study of the Amount and Composition of Construction and Demolition Wastes in the Karaj City
Saeideh Bigdeloo Seyed Hassan Mousavi Mazaher Moeinaddini ghasemali omraniIn Karaj, the large volume of wastes was produced due to the high level of construction activities such as demolition of old buildings and the construction of new buildings. In this regard, it is necessary to have management system with environmental protection perspect MoreIn Karaj, the large volume of wastes was produced due to the high level of construction activities such as demolition of old buildings and the construction of new buildings. In this regard, it is necessary to have management system with environmental protection perspective for the construction and demolition wastes (CDW). Therefore, the main purpose of this research was study of the amount and composition of CDW in Karaj municipality zones (10 zones) in 2017 with the financial support of Karaj municipality. In the first step, a little amount of CDW was investigated by Karaj waste management organization's statistics. The results showed that the Karaj construction sector produces 5973 tons (2186410 tons/year) of CDW every day, which is around 3% of the total amount of the country generated CDW. Also, the share of per capita CDW production is 1220 kg/year for each person per year and the maximum CDW generation rate was in the November and December and the minimum one was in March and April. In the second step, the composition of CDW was determined using field observations of the disposal sites and landfills. The average composition of CDW showed that up to 80% of the wastes are composed of the soil operation (soil, sand, stone and …) asphalt and concrete parts, building materials (such as brick, block, plaster, pottery, mosaic, etc.) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Studying the Spatial Distribution Pattern using Distance and Quadratic Methods in the Zagros Recreational Areas
koroush nazarpoorfard Hassan pourbabaeiStudying the spatial pattern in plant communities is necessary for understanding the many issues in forest ecology and management. The purpose of this study is investigating the effect of recreation on Spatial patterns of trees in Zagros oak forests. Sampling methods we MoreStudying the spatial pattern in plant communities is necessary for understanding the many issues in forest ecology and management. The purpose of this study is investigating the effect of recreation on Spatial patterns of trees in Zagros oak forests. Sampling methods were fixed-area plots and T-square methods. In each region, there are 40 sample plots and 40 sampling points were taken to measure the distances in the distance method in each region. To quantify and analyze the distribution patterns in the sample method, Green, Morissita and Standardized Morisita indicators were used and The Hopkins, Eberhardt, Heinz, C, Johnson and Zimmer indicators were used in the distance methods. C, Hopkins and Heinz indicators showed a clumped pattern in the area. But the Johnson Zaimer and Eberhart indicators showed a regular pattern in the control area. The results showed that among the Sample plot indicators the Morissita and Morissita standardized indicators expressed a clumped pattern in the recreational and the control area, and the Green indicator showed a regular pattern in the recreational area and the control area. The values obtained from the distance indicators showed that the degradation in the recreational area caused a change in the spatial pattern and the spatial pattern in the recreational area was changing so that most indicators in this area showed a regular pattern. Among the distance indicators used, C and Hines indicators and among the sample method, the Green indicator showed these differences well and the species of the two regions were identified suitable to describe the spatial pattern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - A Review of Arsenic Removal Methods from Water Resources
Marzieh Hasanzadeh Fariba OstovarMany of the pollutants in water are known to be harmful for human health and toxic for environment. Among these pollutants, Arsenic is more important because millions of people are exposed to contaminated drinking water. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identifie MoreMany of the pollutants in water are known to be harmful for human health and toxic for environment. Among these pollutants, Arsenic is more important because millions of people are exposed to contaminated drinking water. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified the permitted limit of below 0.01 mg/L (10 micrograms per liter) for arsenic in drinking water and the same amount for arsenic has been reported in Iran's 1053 standard. In this study, various techniques have been investigated for removing Arsenic and efficiency of different nanoparticles in treatment of Arsenic from drinking water. Common methods of removing Arsenic from water sources are including oxidation, coagulation and flocculation, reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration, ion exchange, phytoremediation and new technologies based on the use of nanoparticles. The findings showed that despite of the high arsenic removal percentage using different methods such as oxidation, ion exchange and floating with dissolved air, these methods are not economic and a lot of time is required to achieve optimal efficiency. Recently, the use of nanoparticles has become very popular, so that metal oxide nanoparticles such as magnetic iron, Zinc, Copper, Serum, and Aluminum can completely eliminate Arsenic soluble with a high concentration of 50 mg/L in water sources and after the adsorbent is saturated, it is possible to use the regeneration of adsorbents, repeatedly by adsorbing the pollutant into the adsorbent. As a result, the use of nanoparticles is better than chemical processes and is economic due to their high efficiency in a short time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Effect of using dill (Anethum graveolens) whole plant powder on performance of some blood parameters, and skeletal system of broilers
ali Reyan Mohasesi Hasan Darmani Koohi Reza Naseri Harsini Hamed Kioumarsi هوشنگ دهقان زادهTo investigate the effects of the whole dill plant powder different levels on performance of some blood parameters and tibial characteristics of broilers, 200 one-day-old male chicks (Ross-308) were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five re MoreTo investigate the effects of the whole dill plant powder different levels on performance of some blood parameters and tibial characteristics of broilers, 200 one-day-old male chicks (Ross-308) were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates (10 chicks per replicate). Chicks were randomly distributed among the experimental treatments including 0, 0.5, 0.1, and 0.2% levels of whole dill plant powder. In regards to feed intake and weight gain during the entire growing period, the treatments contained 1% and 2% of dill plant powder had the highest and the lowest feed intake, respectively, and treatments containing 0.5% dill powder and control group were in the middle of the first two treatments (P<0.05). In terms of feed conversion ratio, the only significant difference observed between treatments throughout the entire experimental period was a significant increase in the amount of feed conversion ratio in the chicks treated with 2% dill plant powder. Serum alkaline phosphatase concentration showed a significant increase in both assessing periods (21 and 42 days) for the 2% dill plant powder treatment compared to the other experimental treatments (P<0.05). Serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations were not affected by experimental diets. The weight, length, width, and ash percentage of the tibial bone did not show any significant difference between the experimental treatments. The results of this study showed that using 1% of dill plant powder in broiler chicken diets, while improving growth performance, did not have any adverse effect on skeletal growth and development of chickens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Monitoring and determination of the urban green coverage threshold based on Landsat data, Case study: Zones 1 and 6 from Shiraz city
hadi abdolazimi Hosein RoostaChanging the use of urban green cover over time can create various environmental hazards for the citizens of a city. Due to the importance of the subject, the present study intends to investigate the temporal and spatial changes of green cover in areas 1 and 6 of Shiraz MoreChanging the use of urban green cover over time can create various environmental hazards for the citizens of a city. Due to the importance of the subject, the present study intends to investigate the temporal and spatial changes of green cover in areas 1 and 6 of Shiraz metropolis using Landsat satellite images during five decades (1972 to 2019). For this purpose, after performing radiometric and atmospheric corrections, maps resulting from plant indices including NDVI, SAVI, OSAVI as well as the maximum likelihood algorithm were prepared in ENVI5 software and classified and evaluated in Spatial Information System (GIS). The results of this study showed that the area of the green cover in region 1 has decreased in terms of hectares in NDVI, SAVI, OSAVI indices respectively and also in the maximum likelihood algorithm has decreased from 1394 to 428, from 789 to 421, from 815 to 419, from 1402 to 439, respectively and in region 6 was decreased from 1374 to 858 (NDVI), from 1160 to 862 (SAVI), from 1149 to 884 hectares (OSAVI) and in the algorithm, the maximum likelihood of similarity has decreased from 1393 to 855 hectares. Investigation of threshold values of plant indices to identify urban green cover showed that the range of threshold values in NDVI was variable from 0.2 to 0.3, in SAVI was variable from 0.44 to 0.47 and in OSAVI was variable from 0.34 to 0.36 and using Pearson test in SPSS software, correlation coefficient values between NDVI, SAVI, OSAVI, maximum likelihood algorithm and the studied years were significant at the 1% level. The results of this test also indicated that there was no significant difference between the results of these methods in this study. This reduction of green cover is considered a serious danger for the citizens of Shiraz. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Determination of the Relationship between Water Turbidity (NTU) and Total Suspended solids (TSS) in drip irrigation
farhad mirzaei zeynab sojoodiSand filters are composed of sand-filled containers with determined granulation and specified thicknesses of pressurized sand layers that work under pressure and they are placed in the center control system after the cyclone and before the grid or disk filter. The aim o MoreSand filters are composed of sand-filled containers with determined granulation and specified thicknesses of pressurized sand layers that work under pressure and they are placed in the center control system after the cyclone and before the grid or disk filter. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between water turbidity and Total suspended solids (TSS). To determine the samples turbidity, they were tested using a spectrophotometer and the percentage of light passing was obtained through each sample separately. The test of determining total suspended solids was also performed. The results of this experiment showed that there is a quadratic equation between the percentage of light passing and total suspended solids, which is presented as the main equation from figure 3, that is more correlated with the data. As can be seen, at 450 nm, there is a higher correlation between the turbidity and the light transmittance and less error. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Investigation of Congored dye removal from industrial waste water using adsorption method
Mohadeseh Tavakoli niloofar AbedinzadeThese days, the removal of various dyes from industrial wastewater has become an important concern. Synthetic dyes used in industries such as textiles are complex, toxic and mutant organic materials. Congored is also an acidic dye that is considered a high- risk source MoreThese days, the removal of various dyes from industrial wastewater has become an important concern. Synthetic dyes used in industries such as textiles are complex, toxic and mutant organic materials. Congored is also an acidic dye that is considered a high- risk source of contamination and threatens the lives of humans and other living organisms. Different methods, such as electrochemical, physical and biological processes, are used to remove organic pigment from aqueous samples. Adsorption is one of the most effective modern methods of industrial wastewater treatment, which is a relatively simple and inexpensive process that produces non- toxic and low- risk products. The purpose of this study is removing the Congored dye from aqueous solutions and reviewing the accomplished researches for remove it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Assessment and Environmental Impact Analysis of the Urban Streets using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model (Case Study: 58-meter street of Arak)
maryam hosseinkhani amir ansari amir Hedayati AgmashhadiThe purpose of this research is assessing and planning the urban streets of Arak city. In this research, environmental impacts were assessed by using these three methods: Multi-criteria like rapid matrix, ANP and fuzzy TOPSIS that both of them are decision-making method MoreThe purpose of this research is assessing and planning the urban streets of Arak city. In this research, environmental impacts were assessed by using these three methods: Multi-criteria like rapid matrix, ANP and fuzzy TOPSIS that both of them are decision-making methods. The process that has been followed in this study includes, determining the indicators, (using library studies), specifying geographic area, introducing the options, studying the environmental basic conditions, indicating and predicting and impacts, assessing the impacts using the three mentioned methods and providing the report. In the following, the status of the environmental factors was investigated. Then, the most important factors that might be affected by 58-meter street construction were identified using checklist, and were selected as the criteria for impact assessment. Then environmental impact assessment was separately fulfilled by using three methods like rapid assessment (matrix), fuzzy TOPSIS and ANP. Due to the the more negative impacts relatively to the positive impacts in the rapid matrix method, the project was rejected. In both fuzzy TOPSIS and ANP methods the non-execution option has the most weight and preference. But among these methods, the ANP method is introduced as a suitable method for environment impacts assessment in different projects because of its ability to create a network with interaction between criteria and options at different levels and directions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Effect of Pennyroyal (Mentha Pulegium L.) on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Some of the Blood Parameters in Broilers
Ali Reyan Mohasesi Hasan Darmani Koohi Reza Naseri Harsini Ali Mirza Aghazadeh Hamed KioumarsiTo investigate the effects of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) powder on performances, the concentration of some blood parameters and carcass characteristics of broilers, 160 one-day-old Ross chicks were used in the form of a completely randomized design with four treatm MoreTo investigate the effects of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) powder on performances, the concentration of some blood parameters and carcass characteristics of broilers, 160 one-day-old Ross chicks were used in the form of a completely randomized design with four treatments and four repetitions. Experimental treatments included the levels of zero (control), 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% of pennyroyal powder. The treatment containing 0.6% of pennyroyal powder compared to the control group had higher feed consumption in the starter period (P <0.05). However, there was no significant difference during the growth period and the whole experimental period. In terms of average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio, there was no significant difference between the experimental treatments during the starter, growth and the whole experimental periods. The carcass percentage decreased significantly at the age of 42 days in treatments containing pennyroyal powder compared to the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between experimental treatments in terms of weight percentage of carcass components including thigh, chest, abdominal fat, heart, liver, and gizzard. The concentration of triglycerides and plasma VLDL decreased significantly in treatments containing pennyroyal powder and decreased linearly compared to the control group (P <0.05). In terms of cholesterol and plasma HDL levels, a significant decrease was observed in treatment containing 0.4 level and treatment containing 0.2 percent of pennyroyal powder compared to the control group (P <0.05) respectively. Plasma LDL levels were not affected by experimental treatments. The results of the present study showed that the use of limited levels of pennyroyal powder up to 0.6% has no significant effect on the performance of broilers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Application of Drastic Model in the Studying Process of Industrial Development of Sari Plain
Mohammad rahmani tahere azariNew industrial estates developments must follow the effective factors in protection, management and sustainable development of aquifers and water resources in a plain in order to meet the needs of people. Therefore, assessment of the aquifer vulnerability potential for MoreNew industrial estates developments must follow the effective factors in protection, management and sustainable development of aquifers and water resources in a plain in order to meet the needs of people. Therefore, assessment of the aquifer vulnerability potential for locating new industrial estates settlements is necessary. So, investigation of the vulnerability of Sari plain groundwater resources for locating the industrial zones is necessery. In this research, the risk map of the plain was prepared using a drastic model to assessment of the effective hydrogeological factors in locating the industrial estates of Sari plain. The results of the Drastic model showed that Sari aquifer vulnerability is classified in three groups of highly vulnerable (10.49%,), very highly vulnerable (56.66%) and too highly vulnerable (32.85%). Sensitivity analysis based on two-way single parameter and parameter deletion methods showed that the depth of the water-table factor is the most sensitive factor on the DRASTIC vulnerability index. Sari aquifer is strongly affected by agricultural and industrial activities' pollutants due to shallow water-table; so, the study area is not suitable for establishment of industrial estates based on the final vulnerability map, the aquifer extreme vulnerability potential and the amount of exsisting pollutant. Also, if environmental considerations are not respected by farmers and the existing industrial units in the plain, the aquifer will be suffering serious damages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The Study of Environmental Impacts of Pistachio Production Using Life Cycle Assessment, (Case Study: Rafsanjan City)
Maryam Rajaei Mohammad Reza Elmi Mahin MalekianLife Cycle Assessment method is an accepted approach for assessing the environmental impacts of a product's life cycle, which is calculated on the basis of two components: the amount of consuming resources and the release of pollutants to the environment. In this study, MoreLife Cycle Assessment method is an accepted approach for assessing the environmental impacts of a product's life cycle, which is calculated on the basis of two components: the amount of consuming resources and the release of pollutants to the environment. In this study, the environmental impact assessment of pistachio production from the beginning of planting to the field door was estimated using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method in Rafsanjan. Initial data were collected through questionnaire method and interview with local farmers. The collected data were analyzed using Ecoinvent®3.0 database and Simapro8.0.4.30 software. The system boundary, field and work unit were considered as a ton of pistachios in this study. The results of this study showed that the use of diesel and electricity as energy sources lead to the release of CO2, NOx, SOx and heavy metals into the environment. Analysis of the pistachio data showed that emissions from fertilizers in the layers had the highest role in source reduction, global warming, toxicity to humans, toxicity to marine aquatics and chemical photooxidation. Emissions from fuel consumption had the greatest effect on ozone layer depletion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Investigation and prediction on Forests Covers Changes Using Fuzzy Object-Based Satellite Image Classification and CA-Markov (case study: City of Romeshkan)
Rahman Zandi Hajar Shehabi Ebrahim AkbariForest is a valuable heritage and one of the important factors in the ecosystem of each area that in addition to using and exploiting them, they should be preserved. Zagros’ forests, especially in Lorestan province due to negligence have been destroyed throughout past y MoreForest is a valuable heritage and one of the important factors in the ecosystem of each area that in addition to using and exploiting them, they should be preserved. Zagros’ forests, especially in Lorestan province due to negligence have been destroyed throughout past years. The aim of this research is to investigation, detect and modeling Romeshkan’s forests’ cover changes. To do this, first changes that were taken place between 1987-2017 were extracted by satellite Landsat images and using Fuzzy Object-Based classification method, then, were classified in 5 classes (Agriculture, Forest, Range, water and Residential). Finally, classification results show that there is a sharp decrease of forested areas (81.17 km2) and an increase of Range and Farmlands over past 30 years in the forest area. In a period of 1987-2002 forest cover of the study area had not faced major changes, but most of the rangelands turned to farmlands. While in the second period from 2002 onwards forest cover dramatically dipped and its area decreased from 122.58 km2 to 43.42 km2 in 2017, which the rate of forest covers decrement was around 79.16 km2. Moreover, in order to predict forest cover changes in the future CA-Markov model was applied that indicates 10.70% of current forest covers will be reduced in 2030, and the main changes will be occurred between forest classes to farmlands and rangelands classess by 6.901 and 9.172 km2, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Analysis of social and cultural challenges of dam construction in affected rural areas; Case study: Darian Hawraman da
kourosh aminiHawraman area, according to the prevailing cultural and natural properties in particular is closely connected to the surrounding nature. In this sense, development plans tangible and specific impact on the social life. The main objective of this research is analysis of MoreHawraman area, according to the prevailing cultural and natural properties in particular is closely connected to the surrounding nature. In this sense, development plans tangible and specific impact on the social life. The main objective of this research is analysis of social and cultural challenges of Darian Hawraman dam construction. The present study was performed by descriptive survey method. The statistical society is Sirvan basin from Rudbar and Belbar village to the zero point of the border. According to the 43,522 people directly and indirectly affected population, the sample size was estimated 364 people based on Cochran's formula which was chosen by Snowball sampling method and responded to the questionnaire made. Nonparametric chi-square test was used for statistical analysis of data. Chi-square test results showed that construction of a dam has a meaningful effect (P<0/05) on cultural and social dimensions. From the perspective of the dam construction respondents, it has created a serious challenge in the cultural and social dimensions. Due to the effectiveness of the desired dimensions of the dam construction it can be said according to the present study, the most important challenges created in the study area is a threat against Hawrama's n traditional, cultural and social and to some extent livelihood systems that leads to fear of losing identity, the loss of solidarity, and threats to horticultural, architecture and language systems. On the other hand, fading local customs and thus indirectly decline in social capital are the other bad consequences of the dam construction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Effects of different levels of Ajowan Trachyspermum ammi as an alternative to antibiotics on growth performance carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broiler chickens
ali Reyan Mohasesi Hasan Darmani Koohi Reza Naseri Harsini Hamed KioumarsiThe purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of different levels of powdered dried aerial parts of Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) seeds on the performance and carcass traits of broiler chicks. In this experiment one hundred and sixty one-day-old broiler chick MoreThe purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of different levels of powdered dried aerial parts of Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) seeds on the performance and carcass traits of broiler chicks. In this experiment one hundred and sixty one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates (with 10 birds each). The experimental treatments included: 1) control group (without additive2) basal diet + 0.2% Ajowan powder, 3) basal diet + 0.4% Ajowan powder, and 4) basal diet + 0.6% Ajowan powder. Results showed that the levels of 0.2 and 0.4 % had no significant effect on daily weight gain, food intake and feed efficiency. Except for carcass weight, Ajowan had no significant effect on carcass characteristics. For blood parameters, the effects of Ajowan, in most cases, were non-significant. In contrast, plasma LDL and cholesterol concentrations decreased significantly with increasing levels of Ajowan powder. According to the obtained results, based on maintaining the bird's performance at the same levels as the control group and on the other hand improving the pattern of blood lipid metabolites, it can be said that Ajowan can be a good alternative to the growth-promoting antibiotic to improve health and solve the environmental problems in this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Recent advance in MXenes: antibacterial Activity and waste treatment
nasibeh hajilaryRecently, two-dimensional (2D) lamellar membranes have attracted worldwide attention of researchers because of mechanical robustness, tunable pore size, high performance, and their easy processing. MXenes 2D materials, also known as carbide/nitride functionalized metal MoreRecently, two-dimensional (2D) lamellar membranes have attracted worldwide attention of researchers because of mechanical robustness, tunable pore size, high performance, and their easy processing. MXenes 2D materials, also known as carbide/nitride functionalized metal nanoparticles, have applications in a variety of applications such as capacitors and ion batteries for energy storage, catalysts, wastewater treatment membranes and heavy metal ions separation. In the last decade, extensive studies have been conducted to improve the applicability of heavy metal adsorbent membranes with the aid of MXenes and its complexes. Given the challenges that environmental pollutants pose to nature and organisms, it is important to find ways of absorbing and removing pollutants. In this article, after introducing MXenes and its various structures, recent studies on wastewater treatment and nuclear waste treatment with MXenes and its compounds are summarized along with its antibacterial properties Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Investigation of birds' density and species diversity of Amir-Kelayeh international wetland during a 10-year period (2007-2016), based on winter census
Hadi Pourmosa shaykhAlikelayeh Saeid NaderiAmir-Kelayeh international wetland is as one of the important wintering habitats for birds. In present study, the density and diversity of bird species (waterbird, wader and terrestrial bird dependent to the wetland) has been studied in Amir-Kelayeh international wetlan MoreAmir-Kelayeh international wetland is as one of the important wintering habitats for birds. In present study, the density and diversity of bird species (waterbird, wader and terrestrial bird dependent to the wetland) has been studied in Amir-Kelayeh international wetland based on the semi-winter birds census data, over a 10-year statistical period. During this ten-year period, the total number of 334776 birds from 46 different birds species was recorded in this wetland. Among the studied years, the highest number of 72188 birds in 2008 and the lowest number of 1877 birds in 2015 have been counted. In terms of quality and food items, this wetland and it's around paddy fields is a good refuge for the Anatidae and Rallidae family that with 64.86 and 50.06 percent of frequency depending on their diet, have the most abundant among the identified family. The biodiversity indexes showed a relatively high amounts, but with a declining trend, and also the index of species evenness indicated a stable trend during this 10-year period in Amir-Kelayeh Wetland. Considering the decreasing trend of biodiversity indexes in Amir-Kelayeh wetland in recent years, increasing the wetland ecological conservation through the management plans such as habitat structure conservation, and illegal hunting and pollution control is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Investigation of Gilan index dams' water quality using multivariate methods
Hanieh Mirbolooki Babak Razdar Matin MohafezatkarNowadays, the importance of water is known more than before as a life factor and the axis of sustainable development that to protect and manage it, it needs to be controlled using laboratory tests and various water quality indexes. The purpose of this study was to inves MoreNowadays, the importance of water is known more than before as a life factor and the axis of sustainable development that to protect and manage it, it needs to be controlled using laboratory tests and various water quality indexes. The purpose of this study was to investigate water quality in diversion dams in Guilan province in which the dams have been ranked using Shannon and TOPSIS entropy methods. The dams included Pasikhan, Shakhzar, Polrud and Tarik and the measured indicators included Ec, pH, TDS, Temperature, SO4, HCO3, Cl, Ca, Mg, Na, TSS, DO, BOD5 and COD. Shannon entropy results showed that among the indicators, the highest index weight is related to TSS with the amount of 0.1973 and the lowest one is related to pH with the amount of zero. Topsis tests results showed that based on the weights derived from entropy and water quality indicators, Pasikhan dam is in the first rank, Polrud dam is in the second rank, Shakhzar dam is in the third rank and Tarik dam is in the last rank. So, according to multivariate selection methods, water quality in different dams with similar conditions can be investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Review of Water Conveyance and Distribution Efficiency in Irrigation Networks in Iran and its Estimation Methods
zeynab sojoodi Seyyed Mehdi Hashemy ShahedanyIrrigation networks are responsible for the distribution and delivery of agricultural water, so improving their performance reduces losses and increases the efficiency of water distribution, and thus leads to improved water efficiency. Investigating the operation of irr MoreIrrigation networks are responsible for the distribution and delivery of agricultural water, so improving their performance reduces losses and increases the efficiency of water distribution, and thus leads to improved water efficiency. Investigating the operation of irrigation networks is essential for planning and improving irrigation networks and systems. The first purpose of the assessment is to determine the amount of losses that occur in the process of distribution and delivery of agricultural water in the network of irrigation canals. Losses in agricultural water conveyance and distribution systems occur for two main reasons: leakage and improper performance of canal structures that cause operating losses. Various factors such as weed growth in canals, accumulation of sediment in canals, accumulation of garbage in canals, cracking of canal cover, crushing or moving of concrete parts in canals, destruction due to poor quality of materials and lack of sufficient knowledge of total operation and the wisdom of the country's water decision-makers is increasing losses in agricultural distribution and delivery systems. Factors influencing the operation of networks include regular annual maintenance process and the operation of network operators to timely and correctly adjust the catchment structures to prevent unstable hydraulic conditions in the main and secondary channels, which can be invested in training operators and teams. Management and operation in irrigation networks significantly reduced the volume of operation losses. In this study, the results of studies on the determination of conveyance and distribution efficiencies in irrigation networks have been reviewed and summarized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - assessment of tropospheric NO2 changes in Kermanshah using OMI sensor and its relationship with meteorological parameters
Rasoul BagherabadiToday, the increase and development of urbanization, industrial activities and the consumption of fossil fuels have increased air pollution in large cities. One of the indicators of air pollution is nitrogen dioxide. In this paper, the trend of changes in the concentrat MoreToday, the increase and development of urbanization, industrial activities and the consumption of fossil fuels have increased air pollution in large cities. One of the indicators of air pollution is nitrogen dioxide. In this paper, the trend of changes in the concentration of nitrogen dioxide related to the troposphere in the city of Kermanshah in the period 2006 to 2018 is presented. In this study, the monthly concentrations of nitrogen dioxide obtained show that the highest amount of nitrogen dioxide occurs in winter and the lowest amount occurs in summer. As the highest amount of nitrogen dioxide occurs in January and the lowest amount occurs in June, meteorological conditions can increase the severity and extent of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide pollution. The results of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide concentration with meteorological parameters showed that the correlation coefficient of Pearson nitrogen dioxide with wind and surface temperature are inversely related, respectively. Reductions an OMI sensor was used to monitor nitrogen dioxide. In this study, nitrogen dioxide using an OMI sensor in February and July 2016 showed that the amount of nitrogen dioxide was higher in February and lower in July. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Analysis of multiple engineering-natural barriers system for sustainable management of radioactive wastes
Mehdi Yazdian Mahjabin Radaei Raziye Saffar Alireza JabbariPopulation growth and urban and industrial development processes around the world have made the adoption of alternative energy sources inevitable to reduce fossil fuel consumption as well as their harmful effects on human and environmental health. Over the past decades, MorePopulation growth and urban and industrial development processes around the world have made the adoption of alternative energy sources inevitable to reduce fossil fuel consumption as well as their harmful effects on human and environmental health. Over the past decades, the expansion of using nuclear energy as an alternative energy source indicates the widespread production of radioactive waste and the proper management of radioactive waste has become a vital challenge for the international community. The present study is a review study that examines the principles and processes of radioactive waste management and the factors influencing the location of radioactive waste landfills. It also emphasizes on the design of multiple engineering-natural barriers and the adoption of control-monitoring programs with legal requirements for the optimal disposal of radioactive waste to adopt efficient strategies to pay attention to various aspects of sustainability in all aspects of the environmental, social, and economic. The results of the study indicate that the processes of preparation and stabilization of hazardous waste, risk assessment, landfill site selection, the long-term safety of landfills, design of durable structures, adoption of multiple engineering-natural barrier systems, design of monitoring and control programs can reduce humans and environment vulnerability from radioactive waste landfills and can be used as effective frameworks in the radioactive waste management by designers, planners and, engineers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Evaluation of the efficiency of the advanced aerobic process by the Moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) method in wastewater treatment of detergent production industries
saeed poorkareem Fariba Ostovar Kamran TaghaviAbstract In this study, the aerobic biological process was investigated by the moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) method for wastewater treatment of detergent industries. The mean of COD and LAS in raw wastewater were 10231 mg/L and 210 mg/L, respectively. In this study, th MoreAbstract In this study, the aerobic biological process was investigated by the moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) method for wastewater treatment of detergent industries. The mean of COD and LAS in raw wastewater were 10231 mg/L and 210 mg/L, respectively. In this study, three different concentrations of LAS (210, 500, and 1000 mg/L) were used to determine the efficiency of the whole system in removing COD and LAS. The BOD5/COD ratio increased from 0.2 in raw wastewater to 0.45 after pretreatment. In the MBBR system in reactor 1 with 36 hours of hydraulic rate time (HRT), the highest removal efficiencies of 93.41% and 95% were obtained for COD and LAS, respectively. In Reactor 2 with similar conditions to HRT of 36 hours, the highest removal efficiencies for COD and LAS were 94.20% and 99.99%, respectively. By changing the amount of injected air from 30 L/min to 50 L/min and then 70 L/min, the removal efficiency in the amount of air injected about 50 L/min was increased. Organic charge loading (OUR) studies also showed a reduction in specific oxygen consumption from about 11 mg O2/gr MLSS.hr at the beginning of the operation period to about 2 mg O2/gr MLSS.hr at the end of the period. This study showed that the MBBR process, can meet the environmental output standards for the treatment of detergent industry wastewater and be used as an efficient method in detergent industry wastewater treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Investigation of Loss of Extracted Wood, Biomass and Carbon Storage of Commercial Trunk of Hornbeam and Date-plum Species in Astara Forests
Seyede Nasrin GhaznaviIn current study, in order to accurately estimate of the volume, loss of extracted wood, biomass, carbon sequestration and extraction of allometric equations of hornbeam and date-plum species, 17 trees from each of the mentioned species in parcel 729 of the series seven MoreIn current study, in order to accurately estimate of the volume, loss of extracted wood, biomass, carbon sequestration and extraction of allometric equations of hornbeam and date-plum species, 17 trees from each of the mentioned species in parcel 729 of the series seven of the watershed number one of Astara forests were selected and after measuring the diameter and height their volume measured, using volume equation. The selected trees were then fallen and the volume of trees measured again. Finally, after converting trees trunk into smaller portable parts by mules, the volume of extracted wood was measured again and statistically compared with analysis of variance. Also, after weighing the fresh weight of the total parts, 4 cm disc samples were taken from the diameter in breast height of the trees and after weighing the initial weight and drying the samples in the oven at 80 ° C, the samples biomass were calculated. Carbon stock of the samples was measured by burning method in an electric kiln and the amounts of biomass and carbon sequestration were generalized to all trees. The allometric equations of the biomass of the two species were also extracted using the exponential function. Based on the results, the average loss of hornbeam and date-plum wood was estimated to be 42% and 32%, respectively. The total reserves of carbon and carbon dioxide deposited by the two species were estimated at 60 and 220 tons per hectare, respectively. In addition, the extracted allometric equations provided a high coefficient of explanation (>0.9) for both species. The results of the present study show the high loss of extracted wood and the high accuracy of the extracted allometric equations in estimating the biomass of the studied species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Evaluation of health risk due to inhalation of volatile organic components in the ambient air of Khorramabad.
Arman SaeiIn this paper, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment is investigated by inhalation volatile organic components in the ambient air of Khorramabad. These compounds include benzene, ethylbenzene , toluene , xylenes (BTEX) and normal Hexane. To assess the risk MoreIn this paper, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment is investigated by inhalation volatile organic components in the ambient air of Khorramabad. These compounds include benzene, ethylbenzene , toluene , xylenes (BTEX) and normal Hexane. To assess the risk ,first two different scenarios were defined based on the exposure of people to the organic compounds in question and the duration of respiration. Then, the average amount of intake CDI or respiration of mentioned pollutants during life was extracted based on dual scenarios in 11 areas of Khorramabad city. The carcinogenic risk for benzene and ethylbenzene compounds as well as the non- carcinogenic risk for all pollutants discussed in both scenarios were calculated and discussed. It should be noted that due to the high amount of calculations and ease and accuracy in results, programming was done in excel software environment and the initial and final results were calculated directly from this method and the necessary diagrams were drawn. According to the calculation , the annual risk and the total risk of carcinogenicity of inhaling the pollutants in question in the air of Khorramabad for the first scenario are equal to 1.51 E -06 and 5.65 E-01 people per year , respectively. Also, the annual risk and the total risk for the second scenario are 6.19E-07 and 2.31 E-01 per year ,respectively. In addition , the non-carcinogenic risk index for inhalation of the these compounds in the ambient air of Khorramabad is 3.898 and 0.594 for the first and second scenarios respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Investigation of microplastics as emerging contaminants in sources and health effects on humans, review study
Marjan Salari Mohammadbagher KhorasaniIn recent years, environmental contamination with plastics has become one of the biggest concerns of various communities. Microplastics (MPs) are plastics less than 5 mm in size. MPs remain in the environment for thousands of years without decomposing. However, accurate MoreIn recent years, environmental contamination with plastics has become one of the biggest concerns of various communities. Microplastics (MPs) are plastics less than 5 mm in size. MPs remain in the environment for thousands of years without decomposing. However, accurate analytical methods for the detection and characterization of MPs are scarce. In this descriptive-review study, based on the studies of various researchers and the papers of recent years, this contamination has been introduced and its adverse effects on human health and different environments have been discussed. The results of the studies have shown that microplastic contamination of salt has been reported significantly between four different sources: sea salt 0-1674, lake salt 8-468 and well rock salt 0-204 microplastic per kg (MPs/kg). The number of MPs in untreated water is 1437±34 to 3605±497 particles per liter and in general, the amount of microplastics in treated water is about 83% less than untreated water generally. The length and diameter should be considered when reporting the presence of MPs because the diameter is significant for respiration, while length plays a vital in durability and toxicity. Although the adverse health effects of microplastics have not been fully revealed, but the transfer of chemicals from microplastics to living organisms is a significant concern, and a better understanding of the potential dangers of microplastics is essential to human health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Basic parameters of selecting urban forest park location based on sustainable development components
MAHNAZ BEIGI mehrdad khanmohammadi Mahmood HashemiDetermining suitable land uses in order to make optimal use of the land and prevent the destruction of resources is an effective step in the sustainable development strategy. On the other hand, ecotourism is considered as a tool to improve the social and economic level MoreDetermining suitable land uses in order to make optimal use of the land and prevent the destruction of resources is an effective step in the sustainable development strategy. On the other hand, ecotourism is considered as a tool to improve the social and economic levels of indigenous peoples and one of the most important positive effects of tourism in nature can be considered the protection of natural resources in the region. Accordingly, in this study, the introduction of global criteria for selecting the geographical location of forest parks to develop the tourism industry in the watershed or wider for ecotourism was examined. Due to the lack of comprehensive planning at the national level, urban service uses, including urban forest parks, face problems such as inadequate distribution and location, lack of such spaces in cities, and a per capita shortage of green space. Green space in urban areas is considered as a tool to reduce the stress of everyday life and is of great importance and attention. Due to this issue, it is necessary to construct urban green spaces, including urban forest parks, and select new locations with detailed studies and principled methods in cities. Choosing the right place is very important in reducing costs in setting up various activities. For this reason, it is one of the most important and effective steps in the implementation of projects. In this article, after stating the preliminary definitions of urban forest parks, the criteria and standards used worldwide in locating urban forest parks are discussed. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the location criteria of urban forest parks. The results indicate the importance of land use criteria, accessibility, topography, landscape, proximity to water resources, vegetation and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Feasibility Study of Denitrification of Drinking Water Using Photocatalytic Substrate over Ultra-High Performance Concrete
Sama Tajasosi Jalil Barandoust Ramazan Vagheei Fariba Ostovar saeed poorkareemDenitrification of drinking water has a research history of more than three decades in the field of water treatment and is still the subject of many research projects. The main purpose of this study is to obtain or modify methods for removing nitrate from drinking water MoreDenitrification of drinking water has a research history of more than three decades in the field of water treatment and is still the subject of many research projects. The main purpose of this study is to obtain or modify methods for removing nitrate from drinking water in an economic way and force minimal adverse effects on the environment. The use of photocatalytic process for denitrification is not new, but there are still many ambiguities. In this study, the feasibility of using two different photocatalysts over the ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) substrate was discussed. This new substrate is fabricated by immobilizing the photocatalyst inside a cement matrix which acts as an active layer over the UHPC surface. Optimum long-term lifecycle and higher efficiency of this active surface is achieved without a significant drop of the photocatalyst activity near the surface. In this study, the possibility of using photocatalytic composite layers over the elements made of UHPC for applications such as water supply channels was evaluated and the challenges of using such layers on UHPC surfaces were described. According to the studies, it was found that the use of fixed cement composite bed for photocatalytic treatment has advantages over other methods of photocatalytic water treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Implementation of Green Library Component in Iranian academic libraries
Fatemeh Rezaeimanesh mohsen Haji Zeinolabedini Amir Reza AsnafiThe purpose of this study was to identify the status of green library components in the central libraries of the target community, clarify the role of libraries in implementing the culture of a green community and provide solutions and strategies to fill existing gaps MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the status of green library components in the central libraries of the target community, clarify the role of libraries in implementing the culture of a green community and provide solutions and strategies to fill existing gaps and implement a green library. The research method is survey-descriptive. The statistical population includes the libraries of level one universities of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology and the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education in terms of space, equipment and manpower. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Then the data obtained were analyzed at the level of descriptive statistics with SPSS software and by calculating the mean, standard deviation, absolute frequency and frequency percentage. The research findings showed that the central library of level one university of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology and the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education are not in a good condition due to the green components and the standard lead. To have a green academic library, one should start by promoting green thinking and culture in the society, because many of our problems in this field are rooted in culture and misuse of natural and non-renewable resources. The results of the present study can inform libraries about their current situation that how they are far from the ideal situation and use the strategies presented in this study to implement a green library to have a green academic library. We do not necessarily have to start with a green building, these libraries have green missions and they can be known as the green library by implementing several green components in their library. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Investigating the role of Guide Plans in rural development from a physical perspective with emphasis on identifying the space
mohammad ali rahimipour sheikhani nejad habib mahmoodi chenari Seyyedeh Fatemeh Emami farzaneh nasiri jan aghaEliminate deprivation and rural development, one of the programs on the agenda is the implementation of the rural master plan to provide equitable facilities through physical transformation of the village, creating facilities it has been social-productive, providing pub MoreEliminate deprivation and rural development, one of the programs on the agenda is the implementation of the rural master plan to provide equitable facilities through physical transformation of the village, creating facilities it has been social-productive, providing public services and improving the housing of the villagers. The effects of conductor designs are limited to changes in physical texture and less attention is paid to the economic factor in its implementation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of pilot projects in the development of physical development and identification of living space from the perspective of residents. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical approach, which has been done with a sample of 250 people from rural areas in Rasht. Data collection tools in this study included: library studies to collect information related to research literature and then field research through observation and questionnaires. The statistical population of the study is the villagers living in the villages of Rasht city. In this study, the correlation method by Kiiging method has been used for physical identity. In other words, the data analysis method is based on spatial statistics. The results indicate that the pattern of spatial distribution of physical identity variables in the villages of Rasht city is linear (north-south), which means that the villages located in the south, center and north are in a more favorable situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Comparative Analysis of laws related to land Use in the Framework of Multilevel Climatic Governance (Case Study: Qazvin Urban Region)
mostafa momeni naser barakpourUrbanization and climate change are two global phenomena and are inherently correlated. Land use, as one of the most important factors in this field, affects climate change in various ways. One way to manage this issue is to use multilevel climate governance, which prov MoreUrbanization and climate change are two global phenomena and are inherently correlated. Land use, as one of the most important factors in this field, affects climate change in various ways. One way to manage this issue is to use multilevel climate governance, which provides a flexible conceptual framework for understanding the relationship between cities, regions, and national governments related to mitigation and adaptation strategies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the laws related to land use according to the criteria of the governing by authority in the framework of multilevel climate governance in Qazvin urban region. In this study, the method of documentary research and the technique of systematic review of texts and in order to comply with the criteria of the governing by authority and legal materials in the laws and regulations, the comparative-analytical method has been used. In this way, 10 laws regarding the existence of legal articles were evaluated, in which local government officials have been given authority in the field of land use planning. The results of the study indicate that ther are different challenges such as the impact of policies and strategies of development documents on decisions, differences between decisions and upstream documents, differences in the type of reference review and licensing, legal gaps in related laws and inconsistencies in implementation in the field of land use planning in Qazvin urban region, and some decisions are based on less delegated authority at the local level, and the resulting actions are more vulnerable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Investigation and identification of waste in industrial zone of Guilan province (Case study: Plastic and synthetic rubber industries)
Zahra Zamiraei sadaf feyzi Mohammad panahandehIndustrial development and rapid population growth due to the increase in consumed materials and the consequent increase in industrial waste is one of the challenges in the world. The purpose of this study is to investigate the quantity of industrial waste production in MoreIndustrial development and rapid population growth due to the increase in consumed materials and the consequent increase in industrial waste is one of the challenges in the world. The purpose of this study is to investigate the quantity of industrial waste production in the industrial group of plastics and synthetic rubber in Guilan province and the conditions of resulting pollution. The results of this study show that the major industrial wastes identified in this group include plastic waste, paint cans, cardboard waste, paint powder, packaging strap, polymer waste, polymer sludge, wood waste, glass and carbon fiber waste. Plastic waste with 136.08 tons is the highest and paint powder with 0.04 tons is the lowest industrial waste produced in this group. The used oil with a total amount of 14092 liters per year is the only hazardous waste identified in this group. From the present study, it is concluded that the main management methods used in this industrial group are recycling and sales, but hazardous waste is not disposed of properly. The proposed method for used oil is refining. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Prediction of carbon price forecast using time series analysis
Roya AbediMany economic tools have been proposed and used to reduce climate change. Carbon trading is one of these market-based tools that is recognized as a cost-effective way to change climate and environmental issues. Today, the issue of carbon sequestration and bioenergy prod MoreMany economic tools have been proposed and used to reduce climate change. Carbon trading is one of these market-based tools that is recognized as a cost-effective way to change climate and environmental issues. Today, the issue of carbon sequestration and bioenergy production versus fossil fuels is great concern of governments, and many efforts have been made to reduce or control carbon dioxide emissions. The aim of this study is to investigate carbon price fluctuations and predict price trends based on historical carbon price data in the time series 2005-2020. Data were analyzed by regression analysis based on Fuller augmented Dicky after eliminating inflation. The results show that the trend of carbon prices has fluctuated during this period. The average expected price of carbon is 3,303,589 Iranian Rials.Many economic tools have been proposed and used to reduce climate change. Carbon trading is one of these market-based tools that is recognized as a cost-effective way to change climate and environmental issues. Today, the issue of carbon sequestration and bioenergy production versus fossil fuels is great concern of governments, and many efforts have been made to reduce or control carbon dioxide emissions. The aim of this study is to investigate carbon price fluctuations and predict price trends based on historical carbon price data in the time series 2005-2020. Data were analyzed by regression analysis based on Fuller augmented Dicky after eliminating inflation. the trend of carbon prices has ش fluctuated during this period. The average expected price of carbon is 3,303,589 Iranian Rials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Evaluation of spatial pattern of functional distribution of settlements in Zebarkhan rural area (During the period 1375-1398)
Nasibe Hosseini Hasan Afrakhteh Farhad AzizpourIn this regard, with the aim of studying the rural spatial organization, the present study seeks to first determine and form a hierarchy of settlements that can be an effective framework for the distribution of services and functions at different levels, and finally the MoreIn this regard, with the aim of studying the rural spatial organization, the present study seeks to first determine and form a hierarchy of settlements that can be an effective framework for the distribution of services and functions at different levels, and finally the prevailing spatial pattern in Identify the area. Therefore, in order to achieve the objectives of the research, using the centrality index and applying 35 variables, the studied settlements were classified at different functional levels (5 levels). It is noteworthy that the present study is applied in terms of purpose and based on descriptive-analytical method. The method of data collection is due to the nature of library and field research. Geographical territory of research is Zebarkhan village of Neishabour city. The findings of the study indicate that the lack of proper distribution of services and lack of spatial balance has increased mobility and movement between human settlements in the countryside. Hence, the two settlements of Ghadamgah, Darrud, have become the main places of intra-district traffic with the first ranks. Meanwhile, the villages of Bazhidar, Aliabad, Cheshmeh Khosrow, Mohammadabad, Qaredash, Qarebeik and Kalateh Lavidani are at the lowest level of development (deprived) and lack the minimum services and facilities.The results indicate that the pattern of flows is one-way relationships and no complementary, two-way and synergistic relationships are formed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Factors affecting the promotion of tourism entrepreneurship in rural areas with emphasis on environmental protection
seyede Mohadese Hatami ShahkhaliIt can be said that like other spontaneous human activities, entrepreneurship that leads to improving the quality of life and well-being is of great importance. Influential factors play a role in the development and promotion of entrepreneurship, while there are obstacl MoreIt can be said that like other spontaneous human activities, entrepreneurship that leads to improving the quality of life and well-being is of great importance. Influential factors play a role in the development and promotion of entrepreneurship, while there are obstacles and challenges for entrepreneurs. The purpose of this study is to identify these factors and study the effective elements. This research is applied in terms of purpose and the results of research in other areas can be used and in terms of the method of work, it is descriptive-analytical. In this research, SPSS software has been used to extract the questionnaire data and a one-sample method has been used to test the hypotheses. The research indicates that there is a significant relationship between institutional and organizational factors, economic factors, managerial factors, social, environmental and cultural factors and the promotion of entrepreneurship in the studied villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Evaluation of trend of rainfall and temperature changes and their effects on meteorological drought in Kermanshah province
Maryam Teymouri Yeganeh Liela Teymouri YeganehClimate change is one of the natural features of the atmospheric cycle, which results in anomalies or fluctuations in the process of meteorological parameters such as rainfall and temperature. Also, drought is one of the weather and climate disasters, including catastro MoreClimate change is one of the natural features of the atmospheric cycle, which results in anomalies or fluctuations in the process of meteorological parameters such as rainfall and temperature. Also, drought is one of the weather and climate disasters, including catastrophic events. It alternates with floods and causes significant damage each year. Lack of rainfall has different effects on groundwater, soil moisture and river flow. For this reason, the study of changes in precipitation and temperature has always been the focus of researchers in various sciences, including natural resources and the environment. In this study, using the data of Kermanshah Meteorological Organization related to 30 years of rainfall, average minimum temperature and average maximum temperature in three stations of Kermanshah, Islamabad West and Sarpol-e Zahab to assess the severity of drought each year by DIC software Using standard precipitation index (SPI) and examining the trend of temperature changes using two non-parametric Mann-Kendall tests, Sensitimator and also linear regression. In order to study the drought trend during the 30-year period, statistical software was used and the results showed that during the 30-year period, all three stations are in near normal condition. Also, the results of temperature changes using the mentioned tests indicate the increasing trend of temperature and this trend is significant at the level of 99% using two non-parametric Mann-Kendall tests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The effect of tourism on increasing the income of villagers Case study: Villages of Chabaksar section of Rudsar city
sabere salahkart For countries like Iran, oil revenues are considered an economic rent that does not have any direct inductive effects in terms of raising the level of production in the economy. While the tourism industry is chained to some economic activities and its prosperity, in t Moret For countries like Iran, oil revenues are considered an economic rent that does not have any direct inductive effects in terms of raising the level of production in the economy. While the tourism industry is chained to some economic activities and its prosperity, in terms of increasing revenues in the economy of the host country has a significant impact. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of tourism on increasing the income of the studied villages, which has been done by survey and descriptive-analytical methods. The statistical population of the study is the residents of 7 selected tourist villages from Siakhlorud and Oshian districts of Chabaksar district of Rudsar city, which according to Cochran's formula, 331 people have been done using stratified sampling method. Questionnaire is the most important data collection tool in the present study, the validity of which has been confirmed by technical experts and the reliability of the research tool has been confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 94%. Explained with a mean of 3.79 and standard deviation of 0.51. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Study of the different microbial biodegradation methods efficiency in the removal of crude oil hydrocarbon contaminants
Farhood Navaie Abbas HashemizadehPetroleum hydrocarbon pollutants are one of the hardest compounds in terms of decomposition and control and classified as stable and important organic pollutants that have adverse effects on human health and the environment and combating environmental pollution caused b MorePetroleum hydrocarbon pollutants are one of the hardest compounds in terms of decomposition and control and classified as stable and important organic pollutants that have adverse effects on human health and the environment and combating environmental pollution caused by them is an important issue for the world and human societies. Although the removal of these pollutants from the environment is a major problem, biodegradation (which uses natural microbial biodegradation activity) is an ecofriendly and economical approach to control these types of contaminants and has become a pivotal method of cleaning up environments contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. The present study provides a comprehensive, uptodate and efficient review of the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants, taking into account the hydrocarbon alterations in microorganisms with a particular focus on the new insights gained in recent years. Also, the metabolism of hydrocarbons in microorganisms has been described by reviewing research presented in recent years. The results of studies show well that petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants are biodegradable using some microorganisms such as oleophilic and their removal by this method is cost-effective and economical. Microbial biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants uses the enzymatic catalytic activities of microorganisms to increase the degradation of contaminants several times more than traditional methods Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Analysis of factors affecting the development of tourism demand based on ecotourism in rural areas of Guilan
Farhad Javan Naimabadi NazaninThe present study investigates the factors affecting the development of tourism demand based on ecotourism in rural areas of Gilan. The research method is analytical and the purpose of the research is practical. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software and FARAS mode MoreThe present study investigates the factors affecting the development of tourism demand based on ecotourism in rural areas of Gilan. The research method is analytical and the purpose of the research is practical. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software and FARAS model were used. The results of the exploratory analysis model showed that in the physical factor, the sub-criterion (existence of beautiful and unique landscapes) had the highest percentage of effect and the criterion (suitability of recreational and sports equipment) had the least effect, in the economic factor, the sub-criterion (cheapness) Travel to the villages of Gilan) the most impact and and sub-criteria (reasonable prices of welfare accommodations and tourist suites) have the least impact, finally the social factor, sub-criteria (attractive lifestyle of the people of Gilan village for tourists) the most impact and Sub-criteria (level of awareness and education of rural residents towards tourists) has the least impact on the development of ecotourism demand in rural areas of Gilan. The results of the gray Aras model showed that the physical dimension with weight (0.590), the social and cultural dimension with weight (0.542), the economic dimension with weight (0.389), the highest and the lowest, respectively. They have the highest rankings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Investigating the managerial performance of tourism complexes by reviewing socio-cultural components (Case study: Kermanshah Tourism Complex)
Behroz Badko Mohammad Ghasemi Siani Farhad JalalvandiToday, tourism is one of the largest industries in the world and depends on a major part of the global economy; Tourism is economically, socio-culturally and environmentally integrated with the lives of people and governments. The purpose of this study is to investigat MoreToday, tourism is one of the largest industries in the world and depends on a major part of the global economy; Tourism is economically, socio-culturally and environmentally integrated with the lives of people and governments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the managerial performance of tourism complexes and present a strategic proposal with emphasis on socio-cultural components in Kermanshah tourism complex. This article examines the managerial performance in four tourism complexes, Rakhsh, Nesar, Nodsheh and Sefid Barg in Kermanshah province. And how can focusing on these components provide successful and appropriate management for the Kermanshah Jihad University tourism complex? This research was conducted using field survey and questionnaire tools presented to 152 people in Kermanshah tourism managers. The results showed that the components of reviving cultural identity and sense of national pride, promoting the culture of tourist reception and retention are ranked first, second and third among all the identified components affecting the managerial performance of tourism complexes, respectively. Accordingly, the emphasis on cultural identity and the necessary training to the managers of the complexes to create a culture of tourist reception has a significant impact on attracting tourists to the tourist complexes of the province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Evaluation of forest road characteristics and comparison with environmental and technical standards (Case study: Tang-e-Sulk Bahmii Protected Area, South Zagros)
Seyed Ata ollah HosseiniThe aim of the study is to compare road geometric characteristics with standard road construction values. The study area is Tang-e-Sulak, protected area located in Bahmiy (Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad), at the southern Zagros forests. First, the existing road location was MoreThe aim of the study is to compare road geometric characteristics with standard road construction values. The study area is Tang-e-Sulak, protected area located in Bahmiy (Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad), at the southern Zagros forests. First, the existing road location was taken using GPS and then placed on a topographic map. In the next step, the slopes were graded (from 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60 and > 60 percent), then 11 samples were randomly selected on each slope. In the next step, the size of the samples was compared with the standard values (Booklet No. 131 and 161). The width of the running surface and path of the way were analyzed on the basis of analytical and other road geometric characteristics based on descriptive statistics. Soil samples were taken from each of the slopes’ grades. Data analysis was done by T-test and Pearson correlation in SPSS 22. The results show that the width of the road and the construction area of the road on the slopes 10-20, 40-50, 60-50, and 60 were less than the standard values and it is statistically significance (P<0.01), and in other slopes wasn’t significant differences. Analytical descriptive statistics showed that the average slope of excavation and embankment walls is 15% higher than the standard value. The results of soil texture analysis by unified classification method showed silty- clay texture.Analytical descriptive statistics showed that the average slope of excavation and embankment walls is 15% higher than the standard value.The results of soil texture showed siltyclay texture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Comparative study of nomadic quality of life indicators in the pre- and post accommodation periods caused by floods Case study: Azadegan village, Anbarabad County
mohammad amin khorasaniHaving a good quality of life has always been a human desire. Quality of life in rural areas depends on many factors such as employment, adequate income, access to services such as education and health, health, social security so that factors such as low density of rura MoreHaving a good quality of life has always been a human desire. Quality of life in rural areas depends on many factors such as employment, adequate income, access to services such as education and health, health, social security so that factors such as low density of rural settlements, reduced employment and income in the agricultural sector, Inadequate and inefficient communication routes and transportation networks have complicated the implementation of policies necessary to improve the quality of rural life. With this view, the purpose of this study is to study and compare the quality of life indicators before settlement and presence in the nomadic environment and after settlement in Azadegan village after the flood. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical, based on library-field studies (questionnaire) and searching Internet sites. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software t-test was used. The findings show that the quality of life indicators before and after settlement in Azadegan village with a significant level of less than 0.05% had no positive effects in Azadegan village. Also, the results showed that the components of employment and income in Azadegan village located in Jiroft city did not have a positive effect on job creation for the villagers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Design, manufacture and evaluation of capacitive sensors to measure soil moisture
elham movahedPrecision agriculture is a new notion in modern agriculture. One of the reasons of the precision agriculture's growth among scientists and farmers, is the technological advancement in different fields including the geographic path system(GPS), sensors, aerial photos or MorePrecision agriculture is a new notion in modern agriculture. One of the reasons of the precision agriculture's growth among scientists and farmers, is the technological advancement in different fields including the geographic path system(GPS), sensors, aerial photos or satellite ( or RS ) and geographic information management facilities . Existence of parametric detection problems in the field of laboratory operations in the agricultural sector, particularly the detection of soil moisture persuade the specialists that always try to reach a suitable solution for soil moisture measurement needed for the plants and interested areas. So in this investigation it is tried to enable the detection of soil moisture by designing and making a hygrometer sensor which has been used of capacitive property in it. This capacitive sensor consists of two insulated aluminum plates that changes by changing the soil moisture, index of dielectric capacitor and its capacitance and frequency of the output circuit . From the characteristics of the device it can be detected to simultaneously moisture detection at several points of the field and also usage in control of the watering amount required by the plants. This machine in vitro was tested in 80 areas and for more exact tests by other different sensors. The mean error percentage received by the capacitive sensor is 0.60%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Investigation of Diameter and Height Growth of Willow and Alder in Road Fill-Slope Landslide Bioengineering Stabilization (Surdar-Watashan District Chamestan, Mazandaran)
Seyed Ata ollah HosseiniThe aim of this study was to evaluate the diameter and height growth of two native species of alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) and willow (Salix alba L.) planted in three treatments including natural mulches of straw, wood chips and bare soil without mulch (as control MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the diameter and height growth of two native species of alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) and willow (Salix alba L.) planted in three treatments including natural mulches of straw, wood chips and bare soil without mulch (as control) treatments. The design of the experiments was in the form of split plots and in the form of completely random blocks located in Chamestan, Mazandaran. The results showed that the regression relationships between diameter and height in alder species were better than those of willow species completely randomly. The study area was in parcels 5 of series 3 district of Surdar -Watashan forestry plan in watershed 49 of forests in the north of the country. The regression coefficient for the independent variable of diameter and dependent variable of height was 0.65 in alder and 0.42 in willow. The results showed that the regression relationship between diameter and height in alder was better than willow species. According to the results of variance analysis, the blocks and treatments did not have a statistically significant difference. The wood chips treatment created the best situation, and after that, the straw treatment and finally the control treatment (bare soil) had a more unfavorable situation than the other treatments. Finally, alder had more favorable conditions for adaptation to the applied bioengineering conditions of the present study vs. willow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - The Effect of Irrigation Water Salinity and Other Production Factors on Potato Crop yield in Hamadan – Bahar Plain
Moein Sadeghi Seyed Mohsen SeyedanIncreasing agricultural production due to rapid population growth and consequently increasing water demand in recent decades has led to uncontrolled withdrawal and drop in groundwater levels in Hamadan-Bahar plain. This has led to a sustained drop in groundwater level i MoreIncreasing agricultural production due to rapid population growth and consequently increasing water demand in recent decades has led to uncontrolled withdrawal and drop in groundwater levels in Hamadan-Bahar plain. This has led to a sustained drop in groundwater level in the plain and it has caused it to be among the critical plains of the province. This phenomenon has caused water salinity in addition to damage to groundwater resources. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of groundwater salinity on potato yield. In order to investigate the effect of water salinity on potato yield, the yield function of this crop has been estimated. By random sampling method, data used from 119 farms were collected in the 2018-19 crop year and the amount of water salinity has been measured in two steps in the laboratory. Based on the criteria and the test, the production function was selected in the form of a quadratic function for estimating the relationships between variables. The results of this study indicate that with an increase of one unit in the amount of water salinity, the production of this product has decreased by 860 kg. The final productivity of water, seeds and chemical fertilizers are 0.2, 23 and -14, respectively, so, it can be said that potato farmers in Hamedan-Bahar plain use optimum amount of water, seed less than optimum amount and chemical fertilizer more than optimum amount. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Flora, life form, geographical distribution and wetland indicator plants in international Anzali wetland
mokarram ravanbakhshAnzali Wetland is one of the 10 most valuable and international wetlands in the world. this wetland With an area of about 20,000 hectares is a habitat for a wide range of mammals, fish, birds, reptiles and, rodents. The study of plants species provides one of the requir MoreAnzali Wetland is one of the 10 most valuable and international wetlands in the world. this wetland With an area of about 20,000 hectares is a habitat for a wide range of mammals, fish, birds, reptiles and, rodents. The study of plants species provides one of the required criteria for distinguishing a wetland area and is used in the process of ecological demarcation of the wetland. The vegetation in the water body and it’s around was studied by 42 sampling plots and its species were identified. 180 species belonging to 124 genera and 48 families were identified. The Poaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae and, Caryophyllaceae were the most abundant families, respectively. Classification of plants based on biological form showed that the highest biological form was related to therophytes with 43%. After that, hemicryptophytes with 18% and, geophytes with 16% had the highest ferequency, respectively. The plants in terms of geographical distribution, mainly belong to the cosmopolitan elements. 35% of species belonged to the obligate. The facultative upland with 32%, facultative wetland with 15%, facultative with 14% and Upland with 4% consisted other wetland indicator plants, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Removal of petroleum from contaminated water by affordable adsorbents
Zahra ZamiraeiPetroleum pollution has an important impact on marine plants and animals, coral islands, fishing, beaches, human health and tourism industry. Therefore, it is important to recycle or prevent leakage and to remove them from contaminated water. There are various ways to r MorePetroleum pollution has an important impact on marine plants and animals, coral islands, fishing, beaches, human health and tourism industry. Therefore, it is important to recycle or prevent leakage and to remove them from contaminated water. There are various ways to remove and recycle oil; including physical, mechanical, biological and photochemical methods, filtration and the most widely used way is absorption methods. The choice of an economically suitable hydrophobic absorber should be easy to handle, not expensive, and not be classified as hazardous. The adsorbent material can be organic or inorganic. Organic materials usually include plants, animals, or other high-carbon compounds (such as food waste, rice husk, macroalgae, algae, creatine, etc.). It is also possible to use organic compounds produced in industries such as petroleum and fertilizer industries. Inorganic compounds used as adsorbents are usually substances such as: soil, clay, mud, zeolite, minerals, metal oxides and hydroxides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Investigating of environmental impact assessment of mechanical and biological control in order to control the biomass of aquatic plants in Anzali Wetland (Case study: West Wetland)
طوبی عابدی shamim moghadamiThe purpose of environmental impact assessment is to identify, analyse and evaluate project activities. Environmental Impact Assessment ensures the environmental concept of sustainable development by providing the necessary environmental information to determine the env MoreThe purpose of environmental impact assessment is to identify, analyse and evaluate project activities. Environmental Impact Assessment ensures the environmental concept of sustainable development by providing the necessary environmental information to determine the environmental friendliness of a proposed project. Mechanical harvesting of aquatic plants along with biological and reed harvesting in the whole area of West Wetland and opening the entrance of Chafrud River were the main activities that could be implemented in this project. Mechanical harvesting operations are performed with a Harvester machine and reed harvesting is done with a motor saw or manually. The most important activities of the project are mechanical harvesting (reed harvesting and immersion of aquatic plants floating with the Harvester machine), restoration and cleaning of waterways (Chafrud River), dewatering and rehabilitation of West Wetland, biological control and operation of wooden bridge and bird watching station. Environmental parameters, consequences and nature of the effect, impact time, magnitude of the effect and the scope of the effect were investigated and the positive and negative effects of the design were determined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Investigation of environmental effects of rubber waste and proposed methods in the management of this type of wastes
علی ناهدRubber is one of the materials that are widely used in industry and when they expire, they fall into the category of hazardous wastes. The release of rubber wastes into the environment causes many problems, including diseases, their bad landscape in nature, and terrible MoreRubber is one of the materials that are widely used in industry and when they expire, they fall into the category of hazardous wastes. The release of rubber wastes into the environment causes many problems, including diseases, their bad landscape in nature, and terrible fires caused by their accumulation and environmental pollution. Also, rubber can be reused due to its non-degradability and elastic properties; as a result, the management of worn tires has a particular importance. There are several ways to manage rubber waste that can be safe and effective when done properly. These methods include sanitary landfilling, incineration, pyrolysis, milling, reuse at various scales, and re-coating. In this article, each method is reviewed and their advantages and disadvantages are stated. Also, there are examples of different applications of rubber waste in various industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Comparison of the effects of pollution caused by Saravan wastes on Kacha River during drought and wet year
مینا جعفری هانیه میربلوکی fatemeh ghanbariWaste landfills change over time due to exposure to physical and biological factors, these changes include the production of leachate and its penetration into the subsoil, groundwater pollution, production and emission of gases from waste decomposition, and finally the MoreWaste landfills change over time due to exposure to physical and biological factors, these changes include the production of leachate and its penetration into the subsoil, groundwater pollution, production and emission of gases from waste decomposition, and finally the settlement in the site. The leachate produced flows in different layers of waste and carries toxic and polluted substances to surface or groundwater. Kacha River, which carries the contamination load from Saravan landfill, flows into Siahrud River; Siahroud passes through this lands on its way, flows to the north and after joining Goharroud, enters the eastern part of Anzali Wetland. In this study, sampling stations were located in Saravan landfill and Kacha River and sampling was done in winter and summer and COD, BOD, TDS, pH, EC, ammonia, phosphate and nitrate parameters were measured. Comparison of the results of leachate analysis of Saravan landfill and Kacha River in summer and winter showed that all parameters, including BOD and COD parameters, which are indicators of contamination load in the Kacha River, increased in the drought season (summer) compared to the wet season (winter) Which indicates the amount of more pollution from Saravan landfill to Kacha River and from there to Gohar River and finally Anzali wetland. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Assessing the consequences of visa cancellation with the Republic of Azerbaijan on the sustainable development of the northwestern of Iran
Abolghasem mahmoodi afsaneh bashiriMany countries around the world use the visa cancellation policy as a privilege to attract tourists and develop sustainable tourism. Since 2010, the world tourism organization has supported the growing trend of visa cancellation and tourist entry facilities. Iran is no MoreMany countries around the world use the visa cancellation policy as a privilege to attract tourists and develop sustainable tourism. Since 2010, the world tourism organization has supported the growing trend of visa cancellation and tourist entry facilities. Iran is no exception to this rule and intends to benefit from the visa cancellation policy. Of course, the political benefits of a visa waiver for Iran is more important than tourism benefits. Northwestern region of Iran is important for the implementation of the visa cancellation policy due to special conditions; Proximity to 4 foreign countries, the existence of many tourist attractions and the need for further development. Among the four neighboring countries in the northwestern region of Iran, the Republic of Azerbaijan is very importance due to the same ethnicity, religion and culture, as well as some political issues. The visa cancellation with this country has had many positive and negative effects on the region tourism statistics, however, this trend has not had a positive impact on the sustainable development of tourism the study of these effects and providing a model for other regions of the country is one of the main objectives of this study which by combining quantitative and qualitative research methods, the result indicates that The visa cancellation with the Republic of Azerbaijan has been done with a political attitude and has not had significant positive effects on the indicators of sustainable tourism development in the northwestern region of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Investigation of Diameter and Height Growth of Willow and Alder in biologically stabilized areas of forest road landslide (Surdar-Watashan series 3 district, Chamestan, Mazandaran)
Seyed Ata Ollah HosseiniThe aim of this study was to evaluate the diameter and height growth of two native species of alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) and willow (Salix alba L.) planted in three treatments including natural mulches of straw, wood chips and bare soil without mulch (as control MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the diameter and height growth of two native species of alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) and willow (Salix alba L.) planted in three treatments including natural mulches of straw, wood chips and bare soil without mulch (as control) treatments. The design of the experiments was in the form of split plots and in the form of completely random blocks located in Chamestan, Mazandaran. The results showed that the regression relationships between diameter and height in alder species were better than those of willow species completely randomly. The study area was in parcels 5 of series 3 district of Surdar -Watashan forestry plan in watershed 49 of forests in the north of the country. The regression coefficient for the independent variable of diameter and dependent variable of height was 0.65 in alder and 0.42 in willow. The results showed that the regression relationship between diameter and height in alder was better than willow species. According to the results of variance analysis, the blocks and treatments did not have a statistically significant difference. The wood chips treatment created the best situation, and after that, the straw treatment and finally the control treatment (bare soil) had a more unfavorable situation than the other treatments. Finally, alder had more favorable conditions for adaptation to the applied bioengineering conditions of the present study vs. willow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Use of Plasma Cavitation Reactor in condensation of sanitary sewage treatment Plant at IKCO Company
Leili Masoumi ghaleh Ali Sayadi malakami Amir Emami Naeemeh Shirakbari Javad Modabber Majid Javadyan sarcheshmeIn order to condensing the sanitary sludge, two types of complementary centrifugal and screw press devices are usually used. In this paper, in order to increase the efficiency and maximum dewatering in the final stage of the treatment plant, plasma cavitation reactor wa MoreIn order to condensing the sanitary sludge, two types of complementary centrifugal and screw press devices are usually used. In this paper, in order to increase the efficiency and maximum dewatering in the final stage of the treatment plant, plasma cavitation reactor was used. The input sample of the studied system is the output sludge of the sanitary wastewater treatment plant process of IKCO after entering the digestion tank and staying for one hour. Using a plasma cavitation reactor by rectifier, a voltage of 50 volts and a current of 110 amps was applied to 5 iron electrodes in the cavitation reactor tank with a volume of 1 m3 and the sample was tested for 8 days and every day for 8 hours. Then, the effect of the presence of cavitation reactor on the percentage of dry matter is compared with the centrifuge and multi-disc screw press system when they used alone. Based on industrial and laboratory results, a decrease of more than 80% of wet sludge (conversion of 100 m3 of sludge to about 20 m3 daily) was observed daily. Also, the COD of the outlet water from the final cavitation tank was less than 200 mg/L, also, the amount of its turbidity reached below 50 NTU after passing through sand filters in the final stages which can be used for irrigation and agriculture. Using plasma cavitation reactor was effective in reducing settling time and the final volume of wet sludge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Investigation of pollution index parameters in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants in industrial towns of Guilan province
Mohammad Yazdi Hanieh MirbolookiNowadays, the importance of water is known more than before as a life factor and the axis of sustainable development that to protect and manage it, it needs to be controlled using laboratory tests and regular monitoring program. The purpose of this study was to investig MoreNowadays, the importance of water is known more than before as a life factor and the axis of sustainable development that to protect and manage it, it needs to be controlled using laboratory tests and regular monitoring program. The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment plant effluent of three large industrial towns in Gilan province and comparing the index parameters with Environmental Protection Organization standards; the measured parameter included pH, TDS, DO, COD and BOD5. The results showed that, some index parameters in the treatment plant effluent in some industrial towns were more than the approved discharge standards to the receiving environments which indicates the necessity of paying attention to regular monitoring and investigation of wastewater treatment systems in industrial towns more than before. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Investigation of compressive strength and weight loss in high-temperature alkaline concrete
Mohammadhosseim MansourghanaeiEnvironmental protection plays an effective role in human health. In this regard, in recent decades, high-strength concrete in order to excel mechanical properties and durability and eliminate environmental disadvantages (due to the production of toxic carbon dioxide) i MoreEnvironmental protection plays an effective role in human health. In this regard, in recent decades, high-strength concrete in order to excel mechanical properties and durability and eliminate environmental disadvantages (due to the production of toxic carbon dioxide) in ordinary concrete, has been considered by civil engineering researchers. In this laboratory study, a mixing plan was made of ordinary concrete containing Portland cement with a grade of 500 kg/m3 and a mixing plan was made of alkaline concrete based on slag from a composing furnace. In order to evaluate the mechanical properties and durability, compressive strength and weight reduction tests of concrete were performed at 21 and 600 °C at a 90-day curing age in concrete. Applying high heat in concrete samples caused a decrease in the results of compressive strength test in ordinary concrete and reinforced concrete by 42.31% and 14.9%, respectively, and in weight loss test by 0.0067 and 0.0064%, respectively. Weight loss was achieved in ordinary concrete and alkaline concrete. Alkaline reinforced concrete in the compressive strength test at 21 and 600 degrees Celsius, showed an advantage of 11.41 and 64.35 percent compared to ordinary concrete. The results of scanning electron microscopy imaging test were in coordination with the results of other tests in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Study on flora, life form and chorotype of Kandoleh, Kermanshah province
Rasoul BagherabadiThe study of the flora is important in management and development of natural resources because it shows the plant species presence and vegetation cover condition. The aim of this research was to identify the plant species, introducing the flora, determination of life fo MoreThe study of the flora is important in management and development of natural resources because it shows the plant species presence and vegetation cover condition. The aim of this research was to identify the plant species, introducing the flora, determination of life forms, and plant geographical distribution of Kandoleh, in Kermanshah province. During vegetation growth, from 2020 we collected and identified plant species in the study region, and floristic list was provided. The results showed the collected species belong to 78 genera and 21 species in the region. The most important families were, Graminae (15.51%), Compositae (13.79%) and Leguminosae (10.3%) and Campanulaceae (9.48%) and Labiatae (8.6%). Life forms of plant species included hemicritophytosis 41.3%, tetrophytes 33.6%, chamaephytes 11.2%, Geophytes 8.6% and phanerophytes 5.1%. The high percentage of hemicritopathitis species indicated that the area has cold climate. The plants geographical distribution is related to Irano-touranian(75.57%), European- Mediterranean (15.51%), Irano-touranian/ Europe–Siberean (7.75%), cosmopolitan (3/34%), plural (3/4%), touranian (3.34%), Europe – Siberean (2.58%), Irano-touranian/ Mediterranean/ Europe – Siberean/ (1.72%), Irano-touranian/ Sahara-Sindian (0.86) Sahara-Sindian (0.86). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - The efficacy of multivariate regression models and GIS in Selecting SuitableSites for Rain Water Harvesting (Case Study: Tajareh Watershed)
maryam aghaie siamak dokhani ebrahim omidvarWater scarcity in arid areas is a serious crisis. The most important step in using rainwater collection systems is to locate suitable areas. In this research, three methods of multivariate regression model and GIS have been used to locate the on-site and off-site rainwa MoreWater scarcity in arid areas is a serious crisis. The most important step in using rainwater collection systems is to locate suitable areas. In this research, three methods of multivariate regression model and GIS have been used to locate the on-site and off-site rainwater collection method in Tejreh watershed. In this study, canopy, litter, rock and gravel, bare soil, CN, precipitation, slope and soil depth as independent variables and influence on in situ rainwater collection and maximum instantaneous discharge for non-in situ rainwater collection method The title of the dependent variable was considered. The multivariate regression model uses stepwise method, backward removal method, and forward method. And the standard step-by-step method, regression removal method, step-by-step method in collecting rainwater, non-in situ method have been used. The final results by matching the results of previous research show in step rainwater collection, stepwise method and between layers CN, soil, percentage of rock and gravel, and in non-in situ rainwater collection stepwise regression method Standard and among layers the percentage of litter, percentage of canopy, CN, slope, percentage of rocks and pebbles, amount of rainfall, percentage of bare soil and soil depth are known to be important in the equation. Finally, the importance of rain collection sites was divided into four classes: very good, good, medium and poor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Assessment of trophy status of wetlands in Lorestan province based on Carlson TSI index( Case study: Poldokhtar wetlands, Borujerd corridor and Tanodar Doroud wetlands)
mehdi mehdinasabDetermining the trophy status is one of the assessment and analysis methods of the ecological balance of wetland ecosystems, because the sustainability and continuity of productivity based on these unique ecosystems requires proper monitoring management and control thei MoreDetermining the trophy status is one of the assessment and analysis methods of the ecological balance of wetland ecosystems, because the sustainability and continuity of productivity based on these unique ecosystems requires proper monitoring management and control their environmental conditions because increasing nutrients affect all levels of aquatic ecosystems, including changes in species abundance, migration, reduction of biodiversity, and changes in the structure and composition of communities. Therefore, a suitable method should be used to determine the trophy status, or in other words, the production capacity of an ecosystem. Conventional methods for determining the amount of trophy are based on three physical, chemical and biological parameters. Lorestan province due to its unique construction has unique wetlands, including 11 Poldokhtar wetlands with an area of 142.7 hectares, Bishe Dalan wetland with 913.5 hectares and Tanodar wetland with an area of 1000 hectares. In this study, to evaluate the trophy status, sampling of phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) concentration or Carlson trophy index (TSI) was used in Poldokhtar, Bishe Dalan and Tanodar for summer and winter of 2019. Based on the annual average of Carlson index, Poldakhtar and Bishe Delan wetlands are in mild mesotrophic trophy conditions and Tanodar wetland is in the eutrophic category. In the wetlands of Lorestan province, the sediment load of suspended solids and water turbidity have been exceeded these wetlands limits and has had destructive effects on the unstable wetlands` body due to the annual entry of large amounts of sediment from the catchment, development of gardens, various recreational withdrawals in Boroujerd and Doroud, increasing the level of river water pollution caused by municipal and industrial wastewater, also, wastes from city and rural recreation centers and wastes from point sources of pollution such as warm water fish breeding ponds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Location of suitable areas for rural waste disposal (study area: Qasrshirin city)
mostafa tavakoli naghmeh habib mahmoodi chenari fereshteh jasemnejadWastes pollution is the source of many environmental problems. These pollutants cause water, soil and air resources pollution and destruction of natural landscapes and spread of disease, while waste disposal centers pose a threat to rural areas, despite the appropriate MoreWastes pollution is the source of many environmental problems. These pollutants cause water, soil and air resources pollution and destruction of natural landscapes and spread of disease, while waste disposal centers pose a threat to rural areas, despite the appropriate distance from urban centers. Determining areas suitable for landfills is one of the general strategies to deal with this crisis. In this research, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method and relying on library resources, after collecting raw layers related to 12 indicators (rural, urban, roads, water resources, floods, land use, pastures, soil, geology, faults, communication roads, etc.) and preparing distance maps and its scaling were investigated using linear software in GIS software of suitable areas for waste disposal in Qasr Shirin city due to its special location in terms of abundant water resources (mineral water and ecotourism). The results show that most of the city of Qasr Shirin is not suitable for waste disposal, these areas are shown in red in the final output of the models. Also, only the parts of the city are suitable for this purpose, which are marked in blue in the final output of the models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - virtual media influence on the spread of iranian culture IRAN
tahereh nikpoor ALIASGHAR KEYA mohammad reza rasouliabstract the purpose ofthisstudy was toinvestigate the effect of cyberspace and specifically social networks on the promotion of iranian environmental culture .this study was anapplied research in terms ofpurpose and exploratory mixed research design which was carriedo Moreabstract the purpose ofthisstudy was toinvestigate the effect of cyberspace and specifically social networks on the promotion of iranian environmental culture .this study was anapplied research in terms ofpurpose and exploratory mixed research design which was carriedout in two stages .in the qualitative part , semi structured interviews were used to explore and describe ideas and attitudes ofinterviewees .so , atfirst , an expert was interviewed and then data analysis was performed in three stages : open , axial and selective coding .as aresult , the open source codes were extracted in the form of axial codes of information functionality , educational and cultural performance , correlation function , promotional function , persuasive function and supervisory function .in quantitative section , among all actors of the environment in the form of ngos and virtual space activists ofiran , 217 people were selected and tested by cochran formula and randomly .aresearcher -made questionnaire was used to collect data in this section .finally , in order to investigate therelationships between variables , structural equation modeling technique was used with smart pls software .the results indicate that thevariables ofinformation function , educational and cultural function , correlation function , advertising function , persuasive function and monitoring function in promoting environmental culture of iran and cultureof environmental pollution are effective .in addition , demographic variables have moderator role in therelationship between thecomponents of cyberspace and culture of culture Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Removal of lead with metallic organic nanostructures of iron and benzene tricarboxylate from aqueous solution
reza alizadehHeavy metals are not chemically degraded, in order to prevent the entry and accumulation of this toxic pollutant along with factory effluents into the environment, so far, different methods have been used, but finding new methods with more efficiency in this area is nec MoreHeavy metals are not chemically degraded, in order to prevent the entry and accumulation of this toxic pollutant along with factory effluents into the environment, so far, different methods have been used, but finding new methods with more efficiency in this area is necessary. In this research, a new class of compounds called organic metallic materials has been used to remove industrial effluent lead. These organic metallic materials contain iron and benzene tricarboxylate. To identify the characteristics of these materials, electron microscope images and Nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms has been used. To determine the optimal conditions for using these materials for lead removal from the effluent, the effect of parameters: time (10-120 min), the amount of adsorbent (0.2-0.5 mg/L), pH (3.5 -12.5) and temperature (10-75 ° C) were evaluated. The results show that the composition of MIL-100 (Fe) has a better performance than the other materials in this study and complete removal of lead was achieved with an initial concentration of 10 mg/l and an adsorbent dose of 0.25 mg / l, at a temperature of 50 ° C, pH =4.3 and contact time of 120 min. Other properties of this material in removal of industrial effluent lead such as magnetic properties, reusability in five consecutive periods, large surface area, low cost, high efficiency and easy to use, make it an ideal option for large-scale use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Feasibility of Increasing the Shelf Life Hens Packed with Cellulose Pad and Lemon Extract and Its Environmental Effects
Hamed Kioumarsi Azam Barani-Beyranvand Hamed Ghafouri-OskuyiEnvironmental pollution caused by the blood from packaged chicken is one of the biggest problems in the production and distribution of these products. The effect of packaging with cellulose pad and lemon extract on chicken drumstick samples was studied on some chemical, MoreEnvironmental pollution caused by the blood from packaged chicken is one of the biggest problems in the production and distribution of these products. The effect of packaging with cellulose pad and lemon extract on chicken drumstick samples was studied on some chemical, microbial and physical properties. The environmental effects of this study are also important because the compounds released from poultry waste will be reduced if microbial growth is prevented. The results showed that the effect of cellulose and the presence of extracts compared to samples without pad on blood absorption factors, inhibition of TVN increase and peroxide was significant (p <0.01). This can be due to the absorption of compounds in blood by pad and the presence of phenolic and antioxidant compounds in the extract that increase the quality of the samples containing the pad with the extract. The presence of 5% and 1% of lemon extract inhibits the increase of total microbial load and cryophilic bacteria, respectively. Examination of odor, color and total desirability results in chicken thigh samples showed that all samples were in good condition on day 0, which did not change significantly in the smell and color properties after just using the cellulose pad. However, changes in color compared to the smell of the product are more noticeable due to blood absorption and reduction of meat storage capacity over a period of 6 days. In general, over time, the samples containing the extract were in better conditions for all factors than the control samples. As a result, it will prevent the increase of microbial contamination, bloodshed and other harmful factors to the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Investigating the components of green schools with a sustainable architecture approach (Case study: Elementary schools in Urmia)
mehrdad heydarzadeh javad sharifnezhadOne of the main indicators of hard-working countries in environmental protection is policy making towards education as the third dimension of sustainable development, which green schools play an important role as a global environmental education program based on interna MoreOne of the main indicators of hard-working countries in environmental protection is policy making towards education as the third dimension of sustainable development, which green schools play an important role as a global environmental education program based on international standards. The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of the green school indicators with a sustainable architecture approach coming true in primary schools in Urmia. For this reason, the descriptive - survey method has been used. The required data were collected and analyzed by a questionnaire tool after obtaining green school indicators from the research literature. The results of the research indicate that the primary schools of Urmia have the green school indicators lower than the average. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Designing an Integrated Management Model of Passive Environmental Defense for Drinking Water Supply in Rasht Metropolis
Seyed Abbas Asadi mozhgan zaeimdar Seyed Ali JoziProtecting the drinking water supply chain of metropolises is one of the important issues that all countries should always pay attention to, because any incident in this supply chain can cause irreparable damages. The purpose of this study is to design an integrated man MoreProtecting the drinking water supply chain of metropolises is one of the important issues that all countries should always pay attention to, because any incident in this supply chain can cause irreparable damages. The purpose of this study is to design an integrated management pattern of passive environmental defense in the field of drinking water supply. The current research is in the category of fundamental studies based on the purpose, and used integrated management of passive environmental defense to investigate the integrated management of passive environmental defense of supply sources, treatment plants, transmission lines and drinking water storage tanks in Rasht metropolis. Data collection was done through interviews with experts, and finally, 14 experts were selected among environmental management professors and water experts by snowball sampling method so that the views reach theoretical saturation. MAXQDA 2020 software was used for text analysis, coding (open, central and selective) and categorization and generation of categorical networks. Evaluating the views regarding solutions to reduce and deal with environmental threats in different stages of water supply in Rasht metropolis showed that the solutions can be considered from five aspects of infrastructure, policy making, cultural, technical and human. Finally, according to the data base theory and Strauss and Corbin’s model, the final model of the integrated management of passive environmental defense of drinking water supply in Rasht metropolis including causal conditions, main category, intervening conditions, background factors, strategies and consequences were presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Photo-transformation of hydrogen sulfide environmental pollutant to hydrogen fuel using a carbon-based magnetic nanocomposite catalyst
Majid Ghanimati Mohsen Lashgari Mahchehreh SabetiHydrogen sulfide is a dangerous, corrosive and flammable environmental pollutant that is generated at large scale in sour oil and gas industries. One of the sustainable strategies to remove this environmental pollutant and convert it into hydrogen clean fuel is the use MoreHydrogen sulfide is a dangerous, corrosive and flammable environmental pollutant that is generated at large scale in sour oil and gas industries. One of the sustainable strategies to remove this environmental pollutant and convert it into hydrogen clean fuel is the use of a renewable energy source (photon) and synthesis of semiconducting nanoenergy materials. To this end, in the present project, a nanostructured magnetic semiconducting MgFe2O4 compound was synthesized and applied for the production of hydrogen fuel through photocatalytic splitting of an alkaline H2S solution. The empirical evidence revealed that the synthesized material has an appropriate potency to reduce proton and produce hydrogen. Furthermore, by the synthesis of CNT/MgFe2O4 magnetic nanocomposite, the boosting effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) on the activity of the aforementioned photocatalyst was examined. A significant promotion in hydrogen production was observed in the presence of CNT and justified in terms of increasing the photocatalyst surface area, retarding the electron-hole recombination process and enhancing the photon absorption. The rate of hydrogen evolution was 1284 µmole/h per 0.2 g photocatalyst, indicating that the synthesized nanocomposite material has a high ability to remove the pollutant and produce hydrogen fuel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Investigating the effect of climate change on temperature and precipitation using the LARS-WG model (case study: Bashar river basin)
Hamid reza Panahi Hossein Montaseri Aliakbar Hekmat zadeh Reza KhaliliThe increase of greenhouse gases and the resulting increase in temperature have caused the balance of the earth's climate system and climate changes in most areas of the earth. Therefore, adapting and dealing with climate changes in the water resources sector along with MoreThe increase of greenhouse gases and the resulting increase in temperature have caused the balance of the earth's climate system and climate changes in most areas of the earth. Therefore, adapting and dealing with climate changes in the water resources sector along with reducing their reflection should be seriously addressed as part of a comprehensive regional response to the vulnerability caused by climate change. In this study, using LARS-WG exponential microscale software and the HadCM3 oceanic atmospheric general circulation model in the form of different scenarios defined in the fourth IPCC report (basic scenarios), including scenario A1, A2, B1, B2, which are more related to regional issues. And the world is concerned from an economic and environmental point of view, the amount of temperature changes and precipitation in the next 100 years of Bashar river basin was predicted. Then the fifth report scenario (RCP) was used and the results were compared with the basic scenarios. The results showed that in both scenarios in the coming period, we will face a large increase in average air temperature, but the decrease in precipitation will not be significant. In the climate change scenario section, RCPs until the end of the 21st century indicate an increase in temperature and a decrease in precipitation in the coming years. The amount of temperature changes in RCP2.6 was estimated between 3 and 13% and in RCP8.5 between 4 and 14%; This increase in temperature on a large scale increases evaporation and prolongs drought periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The efficiency of crude enzyme extracted from horseradish root in oxidation of catechol
Soheila Amiri Hosseini Fatemeh Nejatzadeh Eesmaeil Babanezhad fathollah gholamiCatechol is one of the phenolic compounds (with chemical formula (C6H6O2) which is used as a raw material or final product of chemical, petrochemical and oil refineries. In this study, the efficiency of horseradish extract as a gross enzyme and removal of catechol from MoreCatechol is one of the phenolic compounds (with chemical formula (C6H6O2) which is used as a raw material or final product of chemical, petrochemical and oil refineries. In this study, the efficiency of horseradish extract as a gross enzyme and removal of catechol from industrial wastewater was investigated. In order to study the efficiency of variable enzyme processes (20, 10, 40, ml / l), oxygenated water concentrations (0.58, 1.17, 2.35 mol / l) were evaluated for 20 minutes. The output catechol concentration of the process was measured by HPLC at a wavelength of 275 nm. The results of this study showed that with increasing the volume of oxygenated water and keeping the concentration of the enzyme constant, an increasing trend was observed at first, but after a while with a further increase in hydrogen peroxide, no significant change in efficiency was observed. For concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0.58, 1.17, 1.78 mol / L) and hydrogen peroxide (10, 20, 40 ml / L), removal efficiencies of 45%, 60% and 80% were obtained, respectively. However, with the values of oxygenated water concentrations (1.17, 2.35, 3.53 mol / l) and fixed oxygenated water concentrations, the removal efficiency was 42%, 58% and 81%, respectively. Enzymatic treatment process as a suitable process can be used for catechol and its compounds from wastewater. To obtain the appropriate efficiency, it is better to set it in the optimal conditions under optimal conditions and add variables in the reaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Examining the amount of cadmium and lead in the soil downstream of Taybad landfill
akram ghorbani Mohammad ghafori Mohammad javad alipoorThe aim of this study was to investigate the emission of heavy metals (cadmium and lead) in the soil around Taybad landfill. For this purpose, 15 stations at a distance of 100 meters from each other to the landfill of Taybad city were selected for sampling. Sampling 5 s MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the emission of heavy metals (cadmium and lead) in the soil around Taybad landfill. For this purpose, 15 stations at a distance of 100 meters from each other to the landfill of Taybad city were selected for sampling. Sampling 5 samples and repeating 3 times from each station, the samples were transferred to the laboratory for analysis to check the level of pollution indicators. Hypotheses were analyzed using one-sample t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient with spss 24 software. It was found that the average total concentration of lead is equal to 52.04 and the average total concentration of cadmium is equal to 1.748. The concentration of the mentioned metals is significantly higher than the average global soil and earth's crust with 95% confidence. In the case of lead and cadmium, the highest contamination was in station 10 and 4, and the lowest contamination was in station 6 and 12, respectively. It is concluded that the amount of soil contamination does not change significantly with increasing distance, because the volume and concentration of contaminant runoff from the landfill (contaminant) along the path is constant. Therefore, it is better to provide environmental training for municipal municipal personnel and citizens of the region and to invest in the restoration of the environment and its further protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Investigation of the trend of climate change using simulated data of LARS-WG model in the period of 2011-2030 (Case study: Sardasht region of West Azerbaijan)
maryam aghaie zahra eslamianGiven the importance of climate change on the structure of the planet's environment and its in habitants, and will continue to try to understand as much as possible how climate change is happening. In this study in the climatic phase, daily data of minimum temperature, MoreGiven the importance of climate change on the structure of the planet's environment and its in habitants, and will continue to try to understand as much as possible how climate change is happening. In this study in the climatic phase, daily data of minimum temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours of Sardasht synoptic station in the period 1996-1996 were simulated using LARS-WG statistical model and after ensuring the efficiency of this model in Simulation of meteorological parameters in Sardasht region, to study climatic parameters in climate change, data; Three scenarios A2 (maximum scenario), A1B (medium scenario) and B1 (minimum scenario) of HadCM3 model in the period 2030-2011 were scaled with LARS-WG small statistical model. The results showed that according to the estimation of LARS-WG model for the studied scenarios in the future periods, the average temperature of Sardasht watershed will increase by 4 degrees Celsius. The amount of precipitation also shows a 2% increase compared to the base period. The results also show that in general, the performance of Lars model in modeling the meteorological variables of the stations under study is appropriate and can be used to reconstruct the data of stations in the past or Extend this data to the next period. It can also be used to assess the future climate of the province on a local scale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Assessment of individual and collective risk of leakage in South Pars Refinery based on estimation of reproducibility of connections and modeling of PHAST software
Gholamreza Jafarinejad Sina Davazdah Emami Mohammad VelayatzadehIn this research, in order to investigate the scope of the effect of two types of fire, Flash Fire and Jet Fire, and to determine the individual and collective risk related to the gas tanks of South Pars refineries, the quantitative risk assessment method was used using MoreIn this research, in order to investigate the scope of the effect of two types of fire, Flash Fire and Jet Fire, and to determine the individual and collective risk related to the gas tanks of South Pars refineries, the quantitative risk assessment method was used using PHAST software. To obtain reproducibility for the inlet and outlet valve flange leakage scenario, all connections in the path were examined separately for each scenario and their reproducibility was calculated. The results related to the gas tanks of South Pars refineries showed that among the leaks, the leakage related to the inlet valve flange and the outlet valve flange, according to their location (close to the car parking lot and vehicle traffic road as well as the traffic route) people and buildings around it) is more important. The individual risk contour diagram is the result of the combination of two scenarios, inlet valve and outlet valve, which shows the amount of deaths per year within the specified limits. This means that the collective risk of the area under investigation is high. Considering the conditions in the South Pars Refinery in terms of regional weather conditions, wind speed and direction, prevailing wind direction, the location of the buildings in the station and its population distribution, we come to the conclusion that in the event of a leakage incident, the consequences It is in the form of release of flammable gas and two possible types of fire, Jet Fire and Flash Fire. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Determination of Potato Crop Cultivation in Hamedan Province, Using time series Satellite Images IRSP6
Ali shahbazi Loghman khodakrami kamran nasirahmadiThe aim of this study is to detect and quantify the cultivated area of potato fields in Hamadan Province using remote sensing methods and a time series of satellite photos. As a result, Awifs time-series imaging was used to determine the potato cropping area. For this p MoreThe aim of this study is to detect and quantify the cultivated area of potato fields in Hamadan Province using remote sensing methods and a time series of satellite photos. As a result, Awifs time-series imaging was used to determine the potato cropping area. For this purpose, pictures were taken at three different times when the potato plant turned green and yellow. Processing such as preparation, atmospheric and geometric correction, vegetation index, and unsupervised classification were performed on the images using appropriate training sites for supervised classification. Following the integration of these two layers, the studied area under the cropping map was prepared using the phase classification method. Additionally, by using the vegetation indices NDVI and SAVI, the area under cropping for the three main crop yields is determined first using the threshold level technique and in three temporal intervals. The kapa coefficient for potato under cropping area determined by phase classification, NDVI, and SAVI was 90, 87, and 85%, respectively. In 1998, the potato cropping area was determined to be 38740, 36728, and 36614 acres, respectively. This study clearly shows that the phase classification method and Awif data time series can be used to recognize and estimate potato under cropping area with acceptable precision and that vegetation indices distinguish potato under cropping area faster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Environmental effects of plastic waste entering the sea and its management methods (Review study)
Seyedeh Bahareh Aimi gholamreza allahghlipour yoosf azimiAbstract One of the consequences of the developments of the world society in the last century is the development of urbanization and the focus of human communities in urban areas. The growth of population and tendency to urbanization is one of the developments of the MoreAbstract One of the consequences of the developments of the world society in the last century is the development of urbanization and the focus of human communities in urban areas. The growth of population and tendency to urbanization is one of the developments of the current century, which intensified the use of resources and the production of waste. This increase in population along with the development of urbanization leads to the consumption of natural resources and as a result, it leads to production of all kinds of wastes. So, waste management in the world is becoming a big challenge in urban areas. This challenge is greater, especially in big towns. These wastes have not only entered the human ecosystem and the land of the earth, but also entered the seas and it has also left unfavorable effects on aquatic creatures. In order to keep pace with the needs of rapid economic development and continuous population growth, and also because of the vital role of waste management in preserving the environment and public health, marine waste management is one of the current priorities of societies. Disposal and accumulation of waste in the marine environment is one of the environmental threats that is increasing at a very fast pace. The purpose of this study is to review sources and collect information about the entry of plastic waste into the sea, its environmental effects and methods of marine plastic waste management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Effects of Fire on Vegetation in the shanderman Forests
Nasrin Hajatpour shekari Hassan Pourbabaei Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaei Hamed AsadiThis study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of fire on the vegetation in Shanderman forests (Guilan province). For this purpose, 60 sampling plots of 400 m2 were taken in a random-systematic Method in the areas of burned and control. The plant sp MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of fire on the vegetation in Shanderman forests (Guilan province). For this purpose, 60 sampling plots of 400 m2 were taken in a random-systematic Method in the areas of burned and control. The plant species present at the level of the samples were collected and identified, and their Life forms determined based on the Runkaeir's method. The results showed that 60 plant species were identified in the studied forest, 13 species (22%) only in the fire area, 5 species (8%) only in the control area, and 42 species (70%) were observed common in the both regions. The highest frequency belonged to Rosaceae and Poaceae families. In the study of the life forms of plant elements in the burned and control area, phanerophytes and hemicryptophytes were the most present in both regions. The results of the investigation of plant biodiversity indicators showed that the values of species diversity indicators in the burned area were higher than in the control area. DCA analysis showed that the composition of the vegetation in the burned area is not significantly different from the control area. Therefore, it can be concluded that after 12 years of the fire, the vegetation composition of the area has been restored and has become the same as the control area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Removal of Methylene blue dye from water by using Fe-BTC
reza alizadehFe-BTC (benzene tricarboxylic) synthesized by ultrasonic irradiation as a novel photo catalyst was investigated for degradation of methylene blue (MB)by UV/ photo catalyst system. In this study, for the first time, a facile ultrasonic method was employed to prepare Fe-B MoreFe-BTC (benzene tricarboxylic) synthesized by ultrasonic irradiation as a novel photo catalyst was investigated for degradation of methylene blue (MB)by UV/ photo catalyst system. In this study, for the first time, a facile ultrasonic method was employed to prepare Fe-BTC. The effects of temperature (50 and 70 °C) and irradiation time (90 and 120 min) were investigated to get the optimum photo catalyst. The nanoparticles of the synthesized Fe-BTC obtained were smaller and more homogeneous than those previously reported. The synthesized Fe-BTC samples showed good photocatalytic performance. The Fe-BTC 70-120 sample has shown the highest photocatalytic activity. The enhanced photocatalytic performance was related to two important factors which are the inhibition of the recombination process of the charge carriers and also the increase in the total area of the photo catalyst. The kinetics of degradation in this study has followed Langmuir-Hinshelwood pseudo-first-order theory. The Fe-BTC70-120 sample due to smaller particles and lower electron-hole recombination showed the highest photocatalytic degradation. The results of the mechanism showed the reactivity of hydroxyl radical oxidation in methylene blue degradation. The stability test also showed the high stability of Fe-BTC70-120 sample for three cycles. Photocatalytic degradation of MB by Fe-BTC with high activity and recycling stability may provide a new choice for wastewater treatment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Examining the components of the LEED index in the improvement of the second secondary schools of Semnan province with an ecological approach
farzad mohammadi Mohammad Rahmani ghasbeh Gholamhosein naseriToday, due to the fact that non-renewable energy resources are running out and the destruction caused by the use of these resources leads to the environment; The attention of countries has been drawn towards the use of renewable resources and sustainable development. At MoreToday, due to the fact that non-renewable energy resources are running out and the destruction caused by the use of these resources leads to the environment; The attention of countries has been drawn towards the use of renewable resources and sustainable development. At this time, the attitude towards green architectural approaches in schools has a special place because in addition to observing the basic points of green buildings and saving energy, the existence of such schools is an educational tool for teaching sustainable practices to students. The purpose of this research is to investigate the degree of realization of the components of green schools based on the LEED standard tool with an ecological approach in the secondary schools of Semnan province for improvement. In terms of practical purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method and rating and scoring tool, the present research is LEED in the sense of design and environmental guide. The statistical population includes all secondary schools in Semnan province. The data collection tool was a questionnaire and standard indicators, after collecting information and data from the questionnaires; The data were analyzed using Spss software version 22 and with descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that the LEED index for checking the improvement of suitable schools and from the point of view of having green schools and components are in the lower than average range. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Application of electrospun nanofibers for gaseous pollutants adsorption
hanieh shakiCarbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas that is released in large quantities into the atmosphere. Excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a problem for earth and increase the temperature and creates problems that affect human existence, such as severe tor MoreCarbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas that is released in large quantities into the atmosphere. Excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a problem for earth and increase the temperature and creates problems that affect human existence, such as severe tornadoes, storms, floods, droughts and acid rain. The largest source of outdoor CO2 is fossil fuel combustion, which are the main source of energy used to meet human energy demand now and in the near future. In recent years, nanofiber membranes have been highly regarded as pollutant adsorbents compared to conventional adsorbents, they have properties such as porous structure, high specific surface area, high penetration flux and selectivity, low pressure drop, high flexibility and targeted adsorption. So, electrospun nanofiber membranes have excellent potential for adsorption and separation of carbon dioxide from the air. In addition to the extremely high surface to volume ratio, modified electrospun nanofibers have different functional groups that improve their performance. Therefore, electrospun nanofiber membranes have excellent potential for adsorption and separation of carbon dioxide from the air Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Investigating the effect of soil conditioners on the germination rate and percentage of Fraxinus excelsior seeds
Hamed Asadi salime rahimnezhad Seyed Mohammad Hojjati Hameid jalilvand Mojtaba MahmoudiDifferent fertilizers such as green, animal, chemical, biological and biochar are used in different nurseries to improve germination and growth. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of soil conditioners on the germination rate and percentage of Frax MoreDifferent fertilizers such as green, animal, chemical, biological and biochar are used in different nurseries to improve germination and growth. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of soil conditioners on the germination rate and percentage of Fraxinus excelsior seeds in forest nurseries. This experiment was carried out in Nursery Lajim, located in Sarjangalbani Kaslian, General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed of Swadkoh city. In this research, 20 soil conditioning treatments include rice husk to amount of 0.5% and 1% of soil volume, rice husk biochar to amount of 0.5%, 1% and 2% of soil volume, 150 and 300 grams of cow manure, minimum and maximum chemical fertilizer (minimum chemical fertilizer for super triple phosphate 0.6 grams, for ammonium sulfate 0.45 grams and potassium sulfate 0.45 grams and chemical fertilizer for triple superphosphate 1.2 grams, for ammonium sulfate 0.9 grams and potassium sulfate 0.9 grams) and the control treatment was considered with three repetitions. The seeds selected for the experiment were cultivated in the appropriate soil depth, by observing the first young seed on the 10th of April, counting of seeds has started. The quality of seed germination was leaf emergence. For statistical analysis, after checking the normality of the data and the homogeneity of variances using the Shapiro Wilk and Loon tests at the 95% probability level, one-way analysis of variance was used. If the data were significant, comparisons were made using Duncan's test. The results showed that the effect of soil conditioners on the speed and percentage of seed germination has a significant effect. The highest germination rate and percentage were observed in the treatments of 1.25% cow manure and 1% rice husk, 1% maximum chemical fertilizer and rice husk, 2% rice husk biochar and 1% rice husk biochar, and in general, the use of these materials had the greatest effect on seed Fraxinus excelsior. it is suggested to use organic materials such as rice husk and cow dung to increase the germination of Fraxinus excelsior seeds in forest nurseries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Protection of ecosystem services in Amirkelayeh international wetland strategic management plan
mokarram ravanbakhshWetlands are among the most important and endangered global ecosystems and provide a set of ecosystem services to society. Wetland management is an active process of supporting ecosystem services, because human activity simultaneously extracts economic and social benefi MoreWetlands are among the most important and endangered global ecosystems and provide a set of ecosystem services to society. Wetland management is an active process of supporting ecosystem services, because human activity simultaneously extracts economic and social benefits from ecosystem services, so in order to maintain these services for a long time and sustainably, quick balance through planning and decision appropriate selection is required. In Iran, based on the 4th, 5th and 6th development plans of the country, the Environmental Protection Organization has been obliged to implement the ecological management program in cooperation with other organizations and main stakeholders. The Integrated management plan is a strategy for the integrated management of water, land and livelihood resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in a balanced manner. Integrated management plan of Amirkelayeh international wetland has been prepaired in the form of an international plan for the protection of Iran's wetlands. The method used is strategic planning system. This management plan has been prepared based on the results of educational and consultative workshops and with the participation of representatives of major local and provincial groups. In this research, the general framework of the prepaired plan, including strategic and special objectives, and priority actions to achieve the final goal and vision, has been examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Investigating the status of microbial contamination (intestinal enterococcus) of Caspian sea on the coastal recreational waters of Gilan
Aazam Nezamhashemi Ameneh Mansourghanaei Mohammad Vafajoye Diyanati Mousa Amini Toraj SadeghiMicrobial agents are among the most important pollutants that enter the Caspian Sea through untreated urban and rural sewage and cause health risks for swimmers. Intestinal enterococcus causes symptoms of stomach and intestinal inflammation.This research is a descriptiv MoreMicrobial agents are among the most important pollutants that enter the Caspian Sea through untreated urban and rural sewage and cause health risks for swimmers. Intestinal enterococcus causes symptoms of stomach and intestinal inflammation.This research is a descriptive study and was conducted with the aim of investigating the contamination status of enterococcal enterococci in the water of the Caspian Sea coastal recreational waterson the coasts of Gilan province and comparing it with the standards of the environment and the Ministry of Health. 55 samples (each swimming pool, 5 replicates) were sampled from 11 coastal areas of the Caspian Sea in Gilan province in September 1401. Intestinal enterococcus variables, water temperature, pH, salinity and turbidity were measured according to the methods in the standard method book. The results showed that the average number of intestinal enterococcal bacteria per 100 ml of sample showed 52.54 MPN. Comparison of the average number of intestinal streptococci in different stations with the standard of the environment and the Ministry of Health showed that 5 stations (Safir Omid, Sadaf, Gisom, Tashe Abad and Chamkhale) were above the permissible limit. Also, there was a negative correlation between the number of intestinal streptococci and water pH (P<0.05). As a result of this research, it indicates the microbial contamination with intestinal enterococcus in some natural coastal recreational waters on the shores of the Caspian Sea in Gilan province, which can threaten the health of swimmers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Value chain and commercial development of Sea buckthorn (Hipphophae rhamnoides L.) due to the country's food security
Hamid Ahani Pari AbdollahiPrevention of diseases, increase of body immunity and health and health attitude, along with income generation, which is one of the economic goals of every country, can be realized with the development of medicinal plants. The bitter elder species with the scientific na MorePrevention of diseases, increase of body immunity and health and health attitude, along with income generation, which is one of the economic goals of every country, can be realized with the development of medicinal plants. The bitter elder species with the scientific name Hipphophae rhamnoides L. and the English name sea buckthorn is native to Iran and has many values that have been introduced in this research. The economy of resistance, which is one of the general policies of the system, will happen with the production of multi-purpose plants due to the climatic and social political crises. The development of economic species with the participation of communities along with the green space fulfills the production of medicine and food.It can include a bank for the development of gardens outside the city or domestic and foreign investors. According to the permission of the Ministry of Jihad and Agriculture, as well as the approval of the Science and Technology Park, part of the people have become familiar with the properties of this beautiful and economic medicinal plant in our country, but this plant is still not known to the public. By planting this species as a multi-purpose species, it is also possible to generate income with the products of this plant such as leaves and fruits. This species tolerates temperatures up to minus forty degrees. The purpose of this research is to introduce the properties and effective ingredients of this plant to be a guide for decision makers and investors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Molecular Markers in Conservation Biology Studies
Nafiseh Momeni Mohsen AhmadpourIntroduction: Molecular science has an important role in the conservation and stability of animal species. Biology conservasion is essential to identify populations decline to implement adequate restoration programs. Despite molecular developments, there are many studie MoreIntroduction: Molecular science has an important role in the conservation and stability of animal species. Biology conservasion is essential to identify populations decline to implement adequate restoration programs. Despite molecular developments, there are many studies in this field to better understanding molecular merkers. Objective: In this study, the genetic markers were examined that were used in more than 100 Persian and English articles. Materials and Methods: Sources were selected from studies in the field of conservation biology, biology, molecular ecology, molecular markers and other related topics to provide a clearer model of each marker usage in the field of conservation biology. Results: In general, each molecular marker is not limited to one case, but there is a clear relationship between the characteristics of each marker and the maximum usage in many cases. Discussion: However, selecting the adequate marker in a wildlife conservation study the following steps are suggested: 1) study the species 2) Check the problems scale 3) Characteristics of molecular markers. Also, considering the mutation rate and the variability degree among nuclear and mitochondrial markers has a role in selecting of adequate marker. But in order to obtain accurate genetic and ecological information in conservation biology, the principles of population genetics and molecular evolution require more comprehensive education; By comparing molecular results with other sciences and quality control of the sequenced gene, more reliable results were obtained in the field of genetics and conservation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Investigating the impact of climate change on the environment and agriculture
Bahareh Rafiei Hamed Kioumarsi Reza Naseri Harsini Seyed Mohammad Reza MahdavianDuring the last century, science and technology have grown and developed significantly, however, this development, along with all the advantages and added values for the quality of human life, has brought inappropriate effects on the environment. Unfortunately, the huma MoreDuring the last century, science and technology have grown and developed significantly, however, this development, along with all the advantages and added values for the quality of human life, has brought inappropriate effects on the environment. Unfortunately, the human conflict with the problems which has created for the planet, including wars and new diseases, has caused less attention to the impact of climate change on environment and especially the related agriculture activities. If the agricultural sector exposed by climate change and will not be able to meet human food needs, life will be near to its end point. Agricultural activities are not only exposed to these changes, but also by leaving possible negative effects on environment lead to these changes. Threatening food security, the reduction of biological diversity, the loss of soil, the reduction of water resources, and the conversion of forests into farms and their gradual destruction, turn the earth into an unlivable area with the unpredictable occurrence of storms, floods and temperature changes. Therefore, investigating the impact of climate change and its components on different ecosystems and species that affect agriculture can be a step towards achieving new management mechanisms to reduce and adapt to these changes and achieving sustainable environment and agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Evaluating the effect of organizational culture on green management with the mediating role of psychological empowerment of employees (Case study: West Mazandaran Electricity Distribution Company)
Mehdi Jahanshahi Mir Hamid Taghavi Alireaza AliahmadiAccording to many researchers, appropriate cultural conditions and contexts can create the environment that is environmentally sensitive and strives to use resources efficiently and create social responsibility. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of organiz MoreAccording to many researchers, appropriate cultural conditions and contexts can create the environment that is environmentally sensitive and strives to use resources efficiently and create social responsibility. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of organizational culture on green management with the mediating role of psychological empowerment in West Mazandaran Electricity Distribution Company as a study sample. This study is an applied research in terms of purpose and it falls into the category of cross sectional - survey research based on its nature. The main data collection tool is a questionnaire has validated by three methods of content validity, structural validity and convergent validity. In addition, Cronbach's alpha has been 0.96 and the composite reliability of all dimensions of the questionnaire has been above 0.7. The statistical sample of the study includes 98 employees of West Mazandaran Electricity Distribution Company have selected by simple random sampling method and Cochran's formula for uncertain communities. To test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling (SEM) technique with Smart PLS3 software has been used.The results have shown that 1.Organizational culture has a direct and significant effect on psychological empowerment of employees 2. Organizational culture has a direct and significant effect on green management 3. Psychological empowerment of employees has a direct and significant effect on green management. In other words, organizational culture has a direct and indirect effect (through psychological empowerment of employees) on green management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Patterns of Water Quality Changes, Invasive Aquatic Plant Identification and Environmentally Friendly Control Solutions in Drinking Water Dams of Mazandaran Province
Pooyan MehrabanJoubani hadi Modabberi Seid Mohammad MosaviThis study was investigated the patterns of water quality changes and the identification of invasive aquatic plant species in drinking water dams located in Mazandaran province, including Alborz, Shahid Rajaei and Meijran Dams. The best conditions of dissolved oxygen i MoreThis study was investigated the patterns of water quality changes and the identification of invasive aquatic plant species in drinking water dams located in Mazandaran province, including Alborz, Shahid Rajaei and Meijran Dams. The best conditions of dissolved oxygen in Alborz, Shahid Rajaei and Meijran dams were around 10, 10 and 16 mg/L in April, respectively. Due to the thermal stratification created in August and September, the content of dissolved oxygen in all dams at a depth of 7 to 10 meters reached zero. Based on Carlson's index, these dams were eutrophic during these months. The highest amount of phosphate measured in July, August and September was observed in Meijran Dam. However, biological pollution of Alborz and Shahid Rajaei dams were higher than Meijran dam, the biological and chemical oxygen demand of Alborz and Shahid Rajaei dams were about 2 and 2.5 times higher than Meijran dam, respectively. Also, the amount of faecal coliform in Alborz dams was about 2 time compared Meijran dam. Despite the decrease in the amount of total coliform in three dams in September, the amount of faecal coliform in Alborz dam was about 3 times other dams. Two plants, hydrilla and Potamogeton, were observed as the invasive plants in Meijran dam, which seems that cormorant bird are the cause of invasive plants entering the dam. Manuscript profile
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