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Open Access Article
1 - Comparison the changes of two Hinosan and Butachlor toxins in Groundwater resources from Guilan province
maryam panahandeh mehdi ashournia Mirmoslem Rahbar hashemi hadi ModabberiThe aim of this study was to compare the content of two commonly used poisons in Guilan province in order to increase the crops, especially rice, in water used by residents of Gilan in spring. For this purpose, 20 wells were selected in the villages of Guilan. The extra MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the content of two commonly used poisons in Guilan province in order to increase the crops, especially rice, in water used by residents of Gilan in spring. For this purpose, 20 wells were selected in the villages of Guilan. The extraction process was carried out using liquid and N-hexane-dichloromethane (1: 1) phases for analysis. The extraction product was injected into a gas chromatograph with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) for measurement. The sampling and measurement process was carried out. Quantitative measurements were carried out using external standard methods. The studies carried out confirmed that in the study chapter, the study of the content of Hinosan and Butachlor pesticides is not more than standard and more acceptable, but due to their toxicity and their long-term effects on creatures Consumers, especially humans, it be used continuous monitoring of their amount in water by residents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Coagulant recovery from waterworks sludge by acid digestion method
S Elaheh Mahdavian Ahagh Fariba OstovarCoagulation is a process that increases the tendency of small particles in an aqueous suspension to attach to one another and to surfaces such as the media in a filter bed and is applied through mixing coagulants such as aluminum sulfate (alum), ferric chloride and poly MoreCoagulation is a process that increases the tendency of small particles in an aqueous suspension to attach to one another and to surfaces such as the media in a filter bed and is applied through mixing coagulants such as aluminum sulfate (alum), ferric chloride and polyaluminum chloride with raw water. Sludge containing coagulant is formed after coagulation and through sedimentation of natural turbidity. Presence of high amounts of coagulant in waterworks sludge, increases environmental risks and disposal costs. Coagulants in sludge have high economic value. Therefore, if these coagulants recover, not only sludge disposal risks but also expenses related to supply of fresh coagulant in water or wastewater treatment plant may decrease. In this paper, researches conducted by acid digestion method for coagulant recovery from waterworks sludge are investigated. Amounts of coagulant recovery, advantages and disadvantages and economic aspects of this method are studied. Results of the investigation showed that using sulfuric acid is the best option for conducting acid digestion process because it is cheap and available. Moreover, if the purpose of recovering process is to achieve a recovered coagulant with a similar quality to the commercial ones, acid digestion method will not satisfy related standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Application of DRASTIC in industrial development of Sari plain with impact on environmental pollution
Mohammad rahmaniIndustrial developments must follow environmental codes to sustain soil, water and air quality. Therefore, assessment of aquifer vulnerability potential for locating new industrial settlements is necessary. In this research, the vulnerability of Sari plain groundwater r MoreIndustrial developments must follow environmental codes to sustain soil, water and air quality. Therefore, assessment of aquifer vulnerability potential for locating new industrial settlements is necessary. In this research, the vulnerability of Sari plain groundwater resources to the establishment of industrial zones is evaluated by DRASTIC model. Results show that Sari aquifer is very vulnerable to industrial development and the vulnerability map of the plain consists of three zones. The first, second and third zones that covers 10.49%, 56.66% and 32.85% of areal extent of the plain are classified as highly, very highly and too highly vulnerable, respectively. Parameter sensitivity analysis showed that the depth of the water-table is the most effective factor on the DRASTIC vulnerability index. Sari shallow aquifer is strongly affected by pollutants from agricultural and industrial activities. The study area is not suitable for the establishment of industrial estates based on the vulnerability map. Moreover, if environmental considerations are not respected by farmers and the existing industrial units in the plain, the aquifer will be suffering serious damages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Investigation of forest land use degradation due to dam construction using satellite images processing
mandana azizi Mohammad panahandehIdentify land uses and land use changes to investigate and monitor sensitive areas is essential for sustainable land planning and management. The main objective of this study is to investigate the land use changes caused by the construction of Shafarood Dam in the Hyrca MoreIdentify land uses and land use changes to investigate and monitor sensitive areas is essential for sustainable land planning and management. The main objective of this study is to investigate the land use changes caused by the construction of Shafarood Dam in the Hyrcanian forests in the north of Iran during a 17-year period using Landsat satellite imagery. To do this, three satellite imagery of the years 2000, 2013 and 2017 were used, and the corrections (geometric and atmospheric) were applied on the images and the map of the land use for each section in the region was prepared using the classification method of the maximum likelihood that the produced map have Kappa coefficient more than 86% and usage accuracy of 0.83. After classification, the comparison method was used to monitor the land use changes. The results revealed that in every three years, the most land cover of Shafarood watershed belongs to the forest class and in the next rank belongs to the rangeland class. As a result, the continuous decline of the forest class accured from 63.05 percent to 57.27 and 57.22 percent in the first section for the years 2013 and 2017 respectively. The continuous increase of the rock class (8.15-9.10-10.45) and bare lands (3.5- 4.47-5.08%) confirms it in the study area. Environmental challenges of constructing the Shafaroud dam is another emphasis on the importance of conducting advanced and specialized studies based on ecological methodologies and also increasing the decision makers awareness of Hyrcanian forests complexity which has formed in a very long-time period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Cheese whey recycling, the right approach to prevent environmental damage
Zahra Katabehei Moradi Maryam Haghighi khomami Hamed Kioumarsi hooshang dehghanzadeh saeed tamadoni jahromiToday, with increasing in production and diversity expansion of dairy products in factories and production of whey products, this food product has become very important. Whey is a water-soluble part of milk that is obtained by adding acid, heating, and coagulating the c MoreToday, with increasing in production and diversity expansion of dairy products in factories and production of whey products, this food product has become very important. Whey is a water-soluble part of milk that is obtained by adding acid, heating, and coagulating the cheese. This yellow liquid contains a lot of lactose and mineral compounds such as calcium and phosphorus, which is important to achieve in order to use as a food source and prevent environmental pollution. Since the wastewaters of the dairy industry have the highest levels of contamination, if the untreated wastewaters of this industry are discharged, serious environmental problems will be inevitable. On the other hand, a reduction in existing reserves and environmental problems followed by increasing use of fossil fuels has prompted researchers to produce new sources of renewable energy, and it can be said that new biological technologies, such as the use of whey as a way to produce biofuels, reduces the environmental problems of dischrging this kind of wastewaters into nature. Today, using biological technology, these compounds can be used to produce biofuels such as hydrogen, methane, and ethanol. So far, various methods and tests have been performed to produce these fuel sources and in this study, the effective strategies for recycling whey and preventing environmental damages are investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - A Review of Arsenic Removal Methods from Water Resources
Marzieh Hasanzadeh Fariba OstovarMany of the pollutants in water are known to be harmful for human health and toxic for environment. Among these pollutants, Arsenic is more important because millions of people are exposed to contaminated drinking water. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identifie MoreMany of the pollutants in water are known to be harmful for human health and toxic for environment. Among these pollutants, Arsenic is more important because millions of people are exposed to contaminated drinking water. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified the permitted limit of below 0.01 mg/L (10 micrograms per liter) for arsenic in drinking water and the same amount for arsenic has been reported in Iran's 1053 standard. In this study, various techniques have been investigated for removing Arsenic and efficiency of different nanoparticles in treatment of Arsenic from drinking water. Common methods of removing Arsenic from water sources are including oxidation, coagulation and flocculation, reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration, ion exchange, phytoremediation and new technologies based on the use of nanoparticles. The findings showed that despite of the high arsenic removal percentage using different methods such as oxidation, ion exchange and floating with dissolved air, these methods are not economic and a lot of time is required to achieve optimal efficiency. Recently, the use of nanoparticles has become very popular, so that metal oxide nanoparticles such as magnetic iron, Zinc, Copper, Serum, and Aluminum can completely eliminate Arsenic soluble with a high concentration of 50 mg/L in water sources and after the adsorbent is saturated, it is possible to use the regeneration of adsorbents, repeatedly by adsorbing the pollutant into the adsorbent. As a result, the use of nanoparticles is better than chemical processes and is economic due to their high efficiency in a short time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Determination of the Relationship between Water Turbidity (NTU) and Total Suspended solids (TSS) in drip irrigation
farhad mirzaei zeynab sojoodiSand filters are composed of sand-filled containers with determined granulation and specified thicknesses of pressurized sand layers that work under pressure and they are placed in the center control system after the cyclone and before the grid or disk filter. The aim o MoreSand filters are composed of sand-filled containers with determined granulation and specified thicknesses of pressurized sand layers that work under pressure and they are placed in the center control system after the cyclone and before the grid or disk filter. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between water turbidity and Total suspended solids (TSS). To determine the samples turbidity, they were tested using a spectrophotometer and the percentage of light passing was obtained through each sample separately. The test of determining total suspended solids was also performed. The results of this experiment showed that there is a quadratic equation between the percentage of light passing and total suspended solids, which is presented as the main equation from figure 3, that is more correlated with the data. As can be seen, at 450 nm, there is a higher correlation between the turbidity and the light transmittance and less error. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Application of Drastic Model in the Studying Process of Industrial Development of Sari Plain
Mohammad rahmani tahere azariNew industrial estates developments must follow the effective factors in protection, management and sustainable development of aquifers and water resources in a plain in order to meet the needs of people. Therefore, assessment of the aquifer vulnerability potential for MoreNew industrial estates developments must follow the effective factors in protection, management and sustainable development of aquifers and water resources in a plain in order to meet the needs of people. Therefore, assessment of the aquifer vulnerability potential for locating new industrial estates settlements is necessary. So, investigation of the vulnerability of Sari plain groundwater resources for locating the industrial zones is necessery. In this research, the risk map of the plain was prepared using a drastic model to assessment of the effective hydrogeological factors in locating the industrial estates of Sari plain. The results of the Drastic model showed that Sari aquifer vulnerability is classified in three groups of highly vulnerable (10.49%,), very highly vulnerable (56.66%) and too highly vulnerable (32.85%). Sensitivity analysis based on two-way single parameter and parameter deletion methods showed that the depth of the water-table factor is the most sensitive factor on the DRASTIC vulnerability index. Sari aquifer is strongly affected by agricultural and industrial activities' pollutants due to shallow water-table; so, the study area is not suitable for establishment of industrial estates based on the final vulnerability map, the aquifer extreme vulnerability potential and the amount of exsisting pollutant. Also, if environmental considerations are not respected by farmers and the existing industrial units in the plain, the aquifer will be suffering serious damages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigation of birds' density and species diversity of Amir-Kelayeh international wetland during a 10-year period (2007-2016), based on winter census
Hadi Pourmosa shaykhAlikelayeh Saeid NaderiAmir-Kelayeh international wetland is as one of the important wintering habitats for birds. In present study, the density and diversity of bird species (waterbird, wader and terrestrial bird dependent to the wetland) has been studied in Amir-Kelayeh international wetlan MoreAmir-Kelayeh international wetland is as one of the important wintering habitats for birds. In present study, the density and diversity of bird species (waterbird, wader and terrestrial bird dependent to the wetland) has been studied in Amir-Kelayeh international wetland based on the semi-winter birds census data, over a 10-year statistical period. During this ten-year period, the total number of 334776 birds from 46 different birds species was recorded in this wetland. Among the studied years, the highest number of 72188 birds in 2008 and the lowest number of 1877 birds in 2015 have been counted. In terms of quality and food items, this wetland and it's around paddy fields is a good refuge for the Anatidae and Rallidae family that with 64.86 and 50.06 percent of frequency depending on their diet, have the most abundant among the identified family. The biodiversity indexes showed a relatively high amounts, but with a declining trend, and also the index of species evenness indicated a stable trend during this 10-year period in Amir-Kelayeh Wetland. Considering the decreasing trend of biodiversity indexes in Amir-Kelayeh wetland in recent years, increasing the wetland ecological conservation through the management plans such as habitat structure conservation, and illegal hunting and pollution control is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigation of Gilan index dams' water quality using multivariate methods
Hanieh Mirbolooki Babak Razdar Matin MohafezatkarNowadays, the importance of water is known more than before as a life factor and the axis of sustainable development that to protect and manage it, it needs to be controlled using laboratory tests and various water quality indexes. The purpose of this study was to inves MoreNowadays, the importance of water is known more than before as a life factor and the axis of sustainable development that to protect and manage it, it needs to be controlled using laboratory tests and various water quality indexes. The purpose of this study was to investigate water quality in diversion dams in Guilan province in which the dams have been ranked using Shannon and TOPSIS entropy methods. The dams included Pasikhan, Shakhzar, Polrud and Tarik and the measured indicators included Ec, pH, TDS, Temperature, SO4, HCO3, Cl, Ca, Mg, Na, TSS, DO, BOD5 and COD. Shannon entropy results showed that among the indicators, the highest index weight is related to TSS with the amount of 0.1973 and the lowest one is related to pH with the amount of zero. Topsis tests results showed that based on the weights derived from entropy and water quality indicators, Pasikhan dam is in the first rank, Polrud dam is in the second rank, Shakhzar dam is in the third rank and Tarik dam is in the last rank. So, according to multivariate selection methods, water quality in different dams with similar conditions can be investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Review of Water Conveyance and Distribution Efficiency in Irrigation Networks in Iran and its Estimation Methods
zeynab sojoodi Seyyed Mehdi Hashemy ShahedanyIrrigation networks are responsible for the distribution and delivery of agricultural water, so improving their performance reduces losses and increases the efficiency of water distribution, and thus leads to improved water efficiency. Investigating the operation of irr MoreIrrigation networks are responsible for the distribution and delivery of agricultural water, so improving their performance reduces losses and increases the efficiency of water distribution, and thus leads to improved water efficiency. Investigating the operation of irrigation networks is essential for planning and improving irrigation networks and systems. The first purpose of the assessment is to determine the amount of losses that occur in the process of distribution and delivery of agricultural water in the network of irrigation canals. Losses in agricultural water conveyance and distribution systems occur for two main reasons: leakage and improper performance of canal structures that cause operating losses. Various factors such as weed growth in canals, accumulation of sediment in canals, accumulation of garbage in canals, cracking of canal cover, crushing or moving of concrete parts in canals, destruction due to poor quality of materials and lack of sufficient knowledge of total operation and the wisdom of the country's water decision-makers is increasing losses in agricultural distribution and delivery systems. Factors influencing the operation of networks include regular annual maintenance process and the operation of network operators to timely and correctly adjust the catchment structures to prevent unstable hydraulic conditions in the main and secondary channels, which can be invested in training operators and teams. Management and operation in irrigation networks significantly reduced the volume of operation losses. In this study, the results of studies on the determination of conveyance and distribution efficiencies in irrigation networks have been reviewed and summarized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Removal of petroleum from contaminated water by affordable adsorbents
Zahra ZamiraeiPetroleum pollution has an important impact on marine plants and animals, coral islands, fishing, beaches, human health and tourism industry. Therefore, it is important to recycle or prevent leakage and to remove them from contaminated water. There are various ways to r MorePetroleum pollution has an important impact on marine plants and animals, coral islands, fishing, beaches, human health and tourism industry. Therefore, it is important to recycle or prevent leakage and to remove them from contaminated water. There are various ways to remove and recycle oil; including physical, mechanical, biological and photochemical methods, filtration and the most widely used way is absorption methods. The choice of an economically suitable hydrophobic absorber should be easy to handle, not expensive, and not be classified as hazardous. The adsorbent material can be organic or inorganic. Organic materials usually include plants, animals, or other high-carbon compounds (such as food waste, rice husk, macroalgae, algae, creatine, etc.). It is also possible to use organic compounds produced in industries such as petroleum and fertilizer industries. Inorganic compounds used as adsorbents are usually substances such as: soil, clay, mud, zeolite, minerals, metal oxides and hydroxides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigating of environmental impact assessment of mechanical and biological control in order to control the biomass of aquatic plants in Anzali Wetland (Case study: West Wetland)
طوبی عابدی shamim moghadamiThe purpose of environmental impact assessment is to identify, analyse and evaluate project activities. Environmental Impact Assessment ensures the environmental concept of sustainable development by providing the necessary environmental information to determine the env MoreThe purpose of environmental impact assessment is to identify, analyse and evaluate project activities. Environmental Impact Assessment ensures the environmental concept of sustainable development by providing the necessary environmental information to determine the environmental friendliness of a proposed project. Mechanical harvesting of aquatic plants along with biological and reed harvesting in the whole area of West Wetland and opening the entrance of Chafrud River were the main activities that could be implemented in this project. Mechanical harvesting operations are performed with a Harvester machine and reed harvesting is done with a motor saw or manually. The most important activities of the project are mechanical harvesting (reed harvesting and immersion of aquatic plants floating with the Harvester machine), restoration and cleaning of waterways (Chafrud River), dewatering and rehabilitation of West Wetland, biological control and operation of wooden bridge and bird watching station. Environmental parameters, consequences and nature of the effect, impact time, magnitude of the effect and the scope of the effect were investigated and the positive and negative effects of the design were determined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The efficacy of multivariate regression models and GIS in Selecting SuitableSites for Rain Water Harvesting (Case Study: Tajareh Watershed)
maryam aghaie siamak dokhani ebrahim omidvarWater scarcity in arid areas is a serious crisis. The most important step in using rainwater collection systems is to locate suitable areas. In this research, three methods of multivariate regression model and GIS have been used to locate the on-site and off-site rainwa MoreWater scarcity in arid areas is a serious crisis. The most important step in using rainwater collection systems is to locate suitable areas. In this research, three methods of multivariate regression model and GIS have been used to locate the on-site and off-site rainwater collection method in Tejreh watershed. In this study, canopy, litter, rock and gravel, bare soil, CN, precipitation, slope and soil depth as independent variables and influence on in situ rainwater collection and maximum instantaneous discharge for non-in situ rainwater collection method The title of the dependent variable was considered. The multivariate regression model uses stepwise method, backward removal method, and forward method. And the standard step-by-step method, regression removal method, step-by-step method in collecting rainwater, non-in situ method have been used. The final results by matching the results of previous research show in step rainwater collection, stepwise method and between layers CN, soil, percentage of rock and gravel, and in non-in situ rainwater collection stepwise regression method Standard and among layers the percentage of litter, percentage of canopy, CN, slope, percentage of rocks and pebbles, amount of rainfall, percentage of bare soil and soil depth are known to be important in the equation. Finally, the importance of rain collection sites was divided into four classes: very good, good, medium and poor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Designing an Integrated Management Model of Passive Environmental Defense for Drinking Water Supply in Rasht Metropolis
Seyed Abbas Asadi mozhgan zaeimdar Seyed Ali JoziProtecting the drinking water supply chain of metropolises is one of the important issues that all countries should always pay attention to, because any incident in this supply chain can cause irreparable damages. The purpose of this study is to design an integrated man MoreProtecting the drinking water supply chain of metropolises is one of the important issues that all countries should always pay attention to, because any incident in this supply chain can cause irreparable damages. The purpose of this study is to design an integrated management pattern of passive environmental defense in the field of drinking water supply. The current research is in the category of fundamental studies based on the purpose, and used integrated management of passive environmental defense to investigate the integrated management of passive environmental defense of supply sources, treatment plants, transmission lines and drinking water storage tanks in Rasht metropolis. Data collection was done through interviews with experts, and finally, 14 experts were selected among environmental management professors and water experts by snowball sampling method so that the views reach theoretical saturation. MAXQDA 2020 software was used for text analysis, coding (open, central and selective) and categorization and generation of categorical networks. Evaluating the views regarding solutions to reduce and deal with environmental threats in different stages of water supply in Rasht metropolis showed that the solutions can be considered from five aspects of infrastructure, policy making, cultural, technical and human. Finally, according to the data base theory and Strauss and Corbin’s model, the final model of the integrated management of passive environmental defense of drinking water supply in Rasht metropolis including causal conditions, main category, intervening conditions, background factors, strategies and consequences were presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Patterns of Water Quality Changes, Invasive Aquatic Plant Identification and Environmentally Friendly Control Solutions in Drinking Water Dams of Mazandaran Province
Pooyan MehrabanJoubani hadi Modabberi Seid Mohammad MosaviThis study was investigated the patterns of water quality changes and the identification of invasive aquatic plant species in drinking water dams located in Mazandaran province, including Alborz, Shahid Rajaei and Meijran Dams. The best conditions of dissolved oxygen i MoreThis study was investigated the patterns of water quality changes and the identification of invasive aquatic plant species in drinking water dams located in Mazandaran province, including Alborz, Shahid Rajaei and Meijran Dams. The best conditions of dissolved oxygen in Alborz, Shahid Rajaei and Meijran dams were around 10, 10 and 16 mg/L in April, respectively. Due to the thermal stratification created in August and September, the content of dissolved oxygen in all dams at a depth of 7 to 10 meters reached zero. Based on Carlson's index, these dams were eutrophic during these months. The highest amount of phosphate measured in July, August and September was observed in Meijran Dam. However, biological pollution of Alborz and Shahid Rajaei dams were higher than Meijran dam, the biological and chemical oxygen demand of Alborz and Shahid Rajaei dams were about 2 and 2.5 times higher than Meijran dam, respectively. Also, the amount of faecal coliform in Alborz dams was about 2 time compared Meijran dam. Despite the decrease in the amount of total coliform in three dams in September, the amount of faecal coliform in Alborz dam was about 3 times other dams. Two plants, hydrilla and Potamogeton, were observed as the invasive plants in Meijran dam, which seems that cormorant bird are the cause of invasive plants entering the dam. Manuscript profile
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