Effect of Pennyroyal (Mentha Pulegium L.) on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Some of the Blood Parameters in Broilers
Subject Areas : Wildlife ecologyAli Reyan Mohasesi 1 , Hasan Darmani Koohi 2 , Reza Naseri Harsini 3 * , Ali Mirza Aghazadeh 4 , Hamed Kioumarsi 5
1 -
2 -
3 - Animal Science Research Department, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran
4 -
5 - مركز تحقيقات كشاورزی و منابع طبيعی استان گيلان
Keywords:
Abstract :
To investigate the effects of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) powder on performances, the concentration of some blood parameters and carcass characteristics of broilers, 160 one-day-old Ross chicks were used in the form of a completely randomized design with four treatments and four repetitions. Experimental treatments included the levels of zero (control), 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% of pennyroyal powder. The treatment containing 0.6% of pennyroyal powder compared to the control group had higher feed consumption in the starter period (P <0.05). However, there was no significant difference during the growth period and the whole experimental period. In terms of average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio, there was no significant difference between the experimental treatments during the starter, growth and the whole experimental periods. The carcass percentage decreased significantly at the age of 42 days in treatments containing pennyroyal powder compared to the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between experimental treatments in terms of weight percentage of carcass components including thigh, chest, abdominal fat, heart, liver, and gizzard. The concentration of triglycerides and plasma VLDL decreased significantly in treatments containing pennyroyal powder and decreased linearly compared to the control group (P <0.05). In terms of cholesterol and plasma HDL levels, a significant decrease was observed in treatment containing 0.4 level and treatment containing 0.2 percent of pennyroyal powder compared to the control group (P <0.05) respectively. Plasma LDL levels were not affected by experimental treatments. The results of the present study showed that the use of limited levels of pennyroyal powder up to 0.6% has no significant effect on the performance of broilers.
Abedini, A., Hassanabadi, A., Afzali, N., & Kermanshahi, H. (2017). The effect of different dietary levels of Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.), probiotic and antibiotic on performance, carcass characteristics and selected nutrients digestibility in broiler chickens. Archives of Medical Laboratory Science, 3 (2), 15-22.
Ahmed, A., Ayoub, A., Chaima, A. J., Hana, L., & Abdelaziz, C. (2018). Effect of drying methods on yield, chemical composition and bioactivities of essential oil obtained from Moroccan Mentha pulegium L. Biocatalysis Agricultural Biotechnology, 16, 638–643.
AOAC. (1990). Official methods of analysis, 15th Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA. pp: 931–932.
Arjomandi, M., Nobakht, A., Pishchang, J., Mehmannavaz, Y., & Chekaniazar, S. (2011). Evaluation the effects of using of probiotic and pennyroyal medicinal plant on performance of laying hens. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 1, 164-167.
Bahadori, M. M., Irani, M., Ansari Pirsaraei, Z., & Koochaksaraie, R. R. (2013). The effects of dill powder in diet on some blood metabolites, carcass characteristics and broiler performance. Global Veterinaria, 10, 500-504.
Barnes, J., Anderson, L., & Phillipson, J. D. (2002). Herbal Medicines. 2nd Edition. Pharmaceutical Press.
Bunyapraphatsara, N. (2007). Utilization of medicinal plants in animal production. 11th International Congress, Leiden, The Netherlands, Phytopharmcology. Annals of Animal Science, 10, 157-165.
Chalchat, J., Gorunovlc, M., Maksimovlc, Z., & Petrovlc. S. (2000). Essential oil of wild growing Mentha pulegium L. from Yugoslavia. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 12, 598-600.
Chiang, S. H., & Hsieh, W. M. (1995). Effect of direct fed microorganisms on broiler growth performance and litter ammonia level. Asian Australian Journal of Animal Science, 8, 159-162.
Christaki, E. V., Bonos, E. M., & Florou-Paneri, P. C. (2011). Use of anise seed and/or α-tocopheryl acetate in laying Japanese quail diets. South African Journal of Animal Science, 41, 126-133.
Cross, D. E., Mcdevitt, R. M., Hillman, K., & Acamovic, T. (2007). The effect of herbs and their associated essential oils on performance, dietary digestibility and gut microflora in chickens from 7 to 28 days of age. British Poultry Science, 48, 496-506.
Demir, E., Kılınc, K., Yıldırım, Y., Dincer, F., & Eseceli, H. (2008). Comparative effects of mint, sage, thyme and flavomycin in wheat-based broiler diets. Revista Archivos De Zootecnia, 11, 54–63.
Deyoe, C. W., Davies, R. E., Krishnan, R., Khaund, R., & Couch. J. R. (1962). Studies on the taste preference of the chick. Poultry Science, 41, 781–784.
E.C. (2002). Opinion of the Scientific Committee of 15. Card, L. E., & Nesheim, M. C. 1972. Poultry Food on Eucalyptol. European Commission, production. 11 Edn. Lea and Febiger. Philadelphia. Scientific Committee of the Food, SCF/CS/FLAVOUR/201USA. Pp, 126-135. ADD2 Final, 23 April 2002.
El-Ghorab, A. H. (2006). The chemical composition of Mentha pulegium L. essential oil from Egypt and its antioxidant activity. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 9, 183-195.
Erhan, M. K., Bolukbasi, S. C., & Urusan, H. (2012). Biological activities of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) in broilers. Livestock Science, 146, 189–192.
Geran, M., Irany, M., Dehpourjoybari, A. (2010). The effect of pennyroyal essential oil on performance of broilers. In: Proceeding of 5th congress of new idea in agriculture, (pp. 1-3). Isfahan: Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan Branch.
Ghalamkari, G., Toghyani, M., Landy, N., & Tavalaeian, E. (2012). Investigation the effects using different levels of Mentha pulegium L. (pennyroyal) in comparison with an antibiotic growth promoter on performance, carcass traits and immune responses in broiler chickens. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, S1396-S1399.
Goodarzia, M., & Nanekarani, S. (2014). Effects of feeding Mentha pulegium L. as an alternative to antibiotics on performance of broilers. APCBEE Procedia, 8, 53–58.
Grashorn, M. A. (2010). Use of phytobiotics in broiler nutrition an alternative to infeed antibiotics? Journal of Animal and Feed Science, 19, 338-347.
Hajiaghapour, M., & Rezaeipour, V. (2018). Comparison of two herbal essential oils, probiotic, and mannan-oligosaccharides on egg production, hatchability, serum metabolites, intestinal morphology, and microbiota activity of quail breeders. Livestock Science, 210, 93-98.
Kamkar, A., Jebelli Javan, A., Asadi, F., & Kamalinejad, M. (2010). The antioxidative effect of Iranian Mentha pulegium extracts and essential oil in sunflower oil. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48, 1796–1800.
Khan, R. U., Naz, S., Javdani, M., Nikousefat, Z., Selvaggi, M., & Tufarelli, V. (2012). The use of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in poultry feed. Worlds Poultry Science Journal, 68 (1), 97–103.
Knarreborg, A., Simon, M. A., Engberg, R. M., Jensen, B. B., & Tannock, G. W. (2002). Effects of dietary fat source and subtherapeutic levels of antibiotic on the bacterial community in the ileum of broiler chickens at various ages. Applied and environmental microbiology, 68 (12), 5918–5924.
Lee, K. W., Everts, H., Kappert, H. J., Yeom, K. H., & Beynen. A. C. (2003). Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in female broiler Chickens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 12, 394–399.
Mahboubi, M., & Haghi, G. (2008). Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Mentha pulegium L. essential oil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 19, 325-327.
Maisonnier, S., Gomez, J., & Carré, B. (2001). Nutrient digestibility and intestinal viscosities in broiler chickens fed on wheat diets, as compared to maize diets with added guar gum. British Poultry Science, 42 (1), 102-110.
Mellor, S. (2000). Antibiotics are not the only growth promoters. World's Poultry Science Journal, 16 (1), 14-15.
Modiry, A., Nobakht, A., & Mehmannavaz, Y. (2010). Investigation the effects using different mixtures of Nettle (Urtica dioica), Menta pulagum (Oreganum vulgare) and Zizaphora (Thymyus vulgaris) on performance and carcass traits of broilers. Proceeding of 4th Iranian Congress of Animal Science, (pp. 252-254). Karaj: College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran.
Nobakht, A., Norani, J., & Safamehr, A. (2011a). The effects of different amounts of Mentha pulegium L. (pennyroyal) on performance, carcass traits, hematological and blood biochemical parameters of broilers. Journal of Medical Plants Research, 5, 3763-3768.
Nobakht, A., Rahimzadeh, M., & Mehmannavaz. Y. (2010). Investigation the effects using different levels of Nettle (Urtica dioica), Menta pulagum (Oreganum vulgare) and Zizaphora (Thymyus vulgaris) medicinal plants in starter and grower periods on performance and carcasses traits of broilers. Proceeding of 4th Iranian Congress of Animal Science, (pp. 40-44). Karaj: College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran.
Nobakht, A., Solimanzadeh, E., & Pishjangh, J. (2011b). Effects of varying levels of nettle (Urtica dioica L.), pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) medicinal plants and enzyme on performance and egg traits of laying hens, Global Veterinaria, 7 (5), 491-496.
Ocak, N., Erener, G., Ak, F. B., Sungu, M., Altop, A., & Ozmen, A. (2008). Performance of broilers fed diets supplemented with dry peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) or thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) leaves as growth promotersource. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 53, 169–175.
Paymard, J., Nobakht, A., Mazlum, F., & Moghaddam, M. (2013). The effects of different levels of dried aerial parts powder and extract of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) medicinal plant on performance, egg quality, blood biochemical and immunity parameters of laying hens. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 3 (3), 589-594.
Platel, K., & Srinivasan, K. (2004). Digestive stimulant action of spices: a myth or reality. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 119, 167-179.
Pradeep, K. U., Geervani, P., & Eggum, B.O. (1991). Influence of spices on utilization of sorghum and chickpea protein. Plant Food for Human Nutrition, 14, 269-276.
Rodrigues, L., Povoa, O., Teixeira, G., Figueiredo, A. C., Moldaeo, M., & Monteiro, A., (2013). Trichomes micromorphology and essential oil variation at different developmental stages of cultivated and wild growing Mentha pulegium L. populations from Portugal. Industrial Crops and Products, 43, 692–700.
SAS Institute. (2004). STAT user's guide: Statistics. Version 9.1. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis System Institute, Inc.
Shirazi, F., Ahmadi, N., & Kamalinejad, M. (2004). Evaluation of northern Iran Mentha pulegium L. cytotoxicity. Daru, 12, 106-110.
Sintim, H. Y., Burkhardt, A., Gawde, A., Cantrell, C. L., Astatkie, T., & Obour, F. (2015). Hydrodistillation time affects dill seed essential oil yield, composition, and bioactivity. Industrial Crops and Products, 63, 190-196.
Soares, P., Assreuy, A., Souza, E., Lima, R., & Silva, T. (2005). Inhibitory effects of the essential oil of Mentha pulegium on the isolated rat myometrium. Planta Medica, 71, 214-218.
Srinivasan, K. (2005). Spices as influencers of body metabolism: an overview of three decades of research. Food Research International, 38, 77-86.
Suresh, D., & Srinivasan, K. (2007). Studies on the in vitro absorption of spice principles curcumin, capsaicin and piperine in rat intestines. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 45, 1437-1442.
Toghyani, M., Toghyani, M., Gheisari, A., Ghalamkari, G., & Mohamma- drezaei, M. (2010). Growth performance, serum biochemistry and blood hematology of broiler chicks fed different levels of black seed (Nigella sativa) and peppermint (Mentha piperita). Livestock Science, 129, 173–178.
Vispute, M. M., Sharma, D., Mandal, A. B., Rokade, J. J., Tyagi, P. K., & Yadav, A. S. (2019). Effect of dietary supplementation of hemp (Cannabis sativa) and dill seed (Anethum graveolens) on performance, serum biochemicals and gut health of broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 1, 1–9.
Windisch, W., Schedle, K., Plitzner, C. & Kroismayr, A. (2008). Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. Journal of Animal Science, 86, E140-E148.