Geographical distribution of Sida rhombifolia L. in Guilan Province

Abstract :

Alien species, due to their rapid growth, high adaptability and competitive ability, pose a significant threat to biodiversity. Sida rhombifolia has been observed as an alien plant species in the habitats of Gilan province. The provision of suitable strategies for the management of invasive species is contingent upon precise knowledge of their regional distribution. This study aimed to accurately identify this species and its map geographical distribution across Gilan province. Field surveys were conducted during 2023 and 2024 in various habitats throughout the province and distribution data were collected using GPS devices and the spatial distribution map was generated using ArcGIS software. Results revealed that S. rhombifolia has a widespread distribution in numerous locations across rural roadsides of Gilan province including Amlash, Siahkal, Langrud, Rudsar, Fuman, Rasht, Talesh, Astara and Soumesara. It is also proliferating in the tea plantation. The high frequency of records suggests that this plant is capable of effectively competing with native flora, suggesting the risk of it becoming invasive and posing significant challenges to farmers in future. Therefore, continuous monitoring and management planning are essential to mitigate its potential impacts on biodiversity and habitat structure.

References:

بیدارلرد، محمود؛ تکاسی، سمیه (1403). پراکنش و ارزیابی خطرزایی گیاه آروجیا (Araujia sericifera Brot.) در استان گیلان. طبیعت ایران. 9(4): 63-72.
بیدارلرد، محمود؛ کهنه، احسان؛ تکاسی، سمیه؛ میرقاسمی، سید تقی (1400). معرفی گونه مهاجم Tradescantia fluminensis برای فلور ایران، با تأکید بر ارزیابی خطرزایی آن. رستنیها، 22(1): 56-66. DOI: 10.22092/botany.2021.354470.1242
پاکروان، منیژه (1386). Malvaceae (تیره پنیرک) فلور ایران 58. موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، تهران.
تکاسی، سمیه (1404). مطالعه فنولوژی، اثرات تهاجمی، ارزیابی خطرزایی، تهیه نقشه پراکنش دو گونه علف‌هرز مهاجم برگ‌بیدی Tradescantia fluminensis و Commelina communis در عرصه‌های کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان. گزارش نهایی پروژه تحقیقاتی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور.
تکاسی، سمیه؛ سهرابی، سیما؛ کازرونی منفرد، ابراهیم (1397). ارزیابی خطرزایی دو گیاه مهاجم سنبل‌آبی (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.) و آمبروزیا (Ambrosia psilostachya DC.) در استان گیلان. مجله ایمنی زیستی، 11(1): 57-72.
تکاسی، سمیه؛ کازرونی منفرد، ابراهیم؛ یعقوبی، بیژن؛ اویسی، مصطفی؛ ساسان¬فر، حمیدرضا؛ رحیمیان مشهدی، حمید؛ مولر-شارر، هاینز (1396). نخستین گزارش Ambrosia psilostachya از ایران، گونه گیاهی مهاجم در منطقه ساحلی استان گیلان. رستنیها، 18(2): 226-222. DOI: 10.22092/botany.2018.116006
جمائیلی کلویر، رقیه؛ تکاسی، سمیه (1400). مقایسه ریخت‌شناسی Ambrosia psilostachya در زیستگاه‌های مختلف شهرستان بندرانزلی (استان گیلان). رستنیها، 22(1): 75-88. DOI: 10.22092/botany.2021.354470.1242
سهرابی، سیما؛ قرخلو، جاوید؛ زند، اسکندر؛ نظام‌آبادی، نوشین (1402). لزوم ارزیابی و پایش گیاهان بیگانه در ایران. طبیعت ایران، 8(1): 90-81.
محمودی، شیرین؛ آقایی، مصطفی؛ مخدومی، محمدامین (1403). گونه‌های گیاهی مهاجم و پیامدهای آنها. طبیعت ایران، 9(6): 23-31.
مین‌باشی معینی، مهدی؛ باغستانی، محمدعلی؛ رحیمیان مشهدی، حمید؛ عالی‌فرد، مریم. (1387). پراکنش علف‌های‌هرز مزارع گندم آبی استان تهران با استفاده از اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS). دانش علف‌های‌هرز، 4: 97-118.
نظام‌آبادی، نوشین؛ تکاسی، سمیه؛ میرزاجانی، علیرضا؛ صلواتیان، سیدمحمد (1399). بررسی کنترل شیمیایی علف‌هرز مهاجم سنبل‌آبی (Eichhornia crassipes Mart). آفت‌کش‌ها در علوم گیاه‌پزشکی، 9(1): 61-72.
Ajeet, S., & Nayneet, B. (2018). Traditional uses, antimicrobial potential, pharmacological proprieties and phytochemistry of Sida rhombifolia Linn: a review. International Journal of Innovative Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 6(02), 54-68. DOI: 10.21276/IJIPSR.2018.06.02.263
Amini, T., Zare, H., & Pakravan, M. (2003). Sida rhombifoloa L. (Malvaceae). A new record for the flora of Iran. The Iranian Journal of Botany, 10(1), 55-57. https://doi.org/ 20.1001.1.1029788.1382.10.1.10.3
Bartz, R., & Kowarik, I. (2019). Assessing the environmental impacts of invasive alien plants: a review of assessment approaches. NeoBiota, 43, 69-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01599.x
Bonnamour, A., Gippet, J.M., & Bertelsmeier, C. (2021). Insect and plant invasions follow two waves of globalization. Ecology letters, 24(11), 2418-2426. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13863.
Chauhan, B.S., & Johnson, D.E. (2008). Dormancy, germination and emergence of Sida rhombifolia L. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 40(1&2), 6-10.
Copes, J.T. (2016). Prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.): biology and in-crop and post-harvest management programs. LSU Doctoral Disssertations. 1279. https://repository.Isu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1279
Copes, J.T., Miller, D.K., Godara, R.K., & Griffin, J.L. (2021). Pre-plant and in-crop herbicide programs for prickly sida control in soybean. Crop Forage & Turfgrass Management, 7, e20100. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/cft2.20100.
Coskuncelebi, K., & Terzioglu, S. (2024). Clerodendrum bungei an ornamental plant with several new records outside of parks and gardens in Türkiye. Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 27(5), 1015-1020.
Egley, G.H. (1976). Germination of developing prickly sida seeds. Weed Science, 24, 239-243.
Flanagan, G.J., Hills, L.A., & Wilson, C.G. (2000). The Successful biological control of dpinyhead sida, Sida acuta (Malvaceae), by Calligrapha pantherine (Col: Chrysomelidae) in Australia,s Northern Territory. Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, 4-14 July 1999, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA Neal R. Spencer [ed.]. pp. 35-41
Galinato, M.I., Moody, K., & Piggin, C.M. (1999). Upland Rice Weeds of South and South-east Asia. Makati City (Philippines): International Rice Research Institute. 156 p.
Holm, L., Doll, J., Holm, E., Pancho, J., & Herberger, J. (1997). World Weeds: Natural Histories and Distribution. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Holm, L.G., Plucknett, D., Pancho J. V., & Herberger, J.P. (1977). The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. East-West Center. University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA, 609 p.
Ivy, H.W., & Baker, R.S. (1972). Prickly sida control and competition in cotton. Weed Science, 20, 137–139.
Kati, V., Gitsopoulos, T., Vasilakoglou, I., Vlachos, C., Mylonas, P., & Menexes, G. (2023). Prickly Sida (Sida spinosa L.) and Cotton Response to Pre- and Early Post-Emergence Herbicides. Agronomy, 13, 2466. https://doi.org/10.3390/ agronomy13102466
Kettenring, K.M., & Adams, C.R. (2011). Lessons learned from invasive plant control experiments: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48(4), 970-979.
Korres, N.E., Norsworthy, J.K., Bagavathiannan, M.V., & Mauromoustakos, A. (2015). Distribution of arable weed populations along eastern arkansas–mississippi delta roadsides: Factors affecting weed occurrence. Weed Technology, 29, 596–604.
Korres, N.E., Norsworthy, J.K., Brye, K.R., Skinner, V., Mauromoustakos, A., & Moonen, A.C. (2017). Relationships between soil properties and the occurrence of the most agronomically important weed species in the field margins of eastern Arkansas-Implications for weed management in field margins. Weed Research, 57, 159–171.
Lymperopoulou, S., & Giannopolitis, C.N. (2009). Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) S.F. Blake and Sida spinosa L., two new weed records from Greece. Hellenic Plant Protection Journal, 2, 37-40.
McGeoch, M.A., Butchart, S.H.M., Spear, D., Marais, E., Kleynhans, E.J., Symes, A., Chanson, J., & Hoffmann, M. (2010). Global indicators of biological invasion: species numbers, biodiversity impact and policy responses. Diversity and Distributions, 16, 95–108.
Mohler, C.L., Teasdale, J.R., & DiTommaso, A. (2021). Manage Weeds on Your Farm: A Guide to Ecological Strategies; Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education (SARE): College Park, MD, USA, 2021; p. 416.
Pysek, P., Hulme, P.E., Simberloff, D., Bacher, S., Blackburn, T.M., Calton, J.T., Dawson, Essl, F., Foxcroft, L.C., Genovesi, P., Jeschke, J.M., Kuhn, I., Liebhold, A.M., Mandrak, N.E., Meyerson, L.A., Pauchard, A., Pergl, J., Roy, H.E., Seebens, H., Van Kleunen, M., Vila, M., Wingfield, M.J., & Richardson, D.M. (2020). Scientists, warning on invasive alien species. Biological Reviews, 95, 1511-1534.
Pysek, P., Richardson, D.M., Rejmanek, M., Webster, G.L., Williamson, M., & Kirschner, J. (2004). Alien plants in checklists and floras: towards better communication between taxonomists and ecologists. Taxonomy, 53, 131-143.
Rankins, J.r.A., Boyd, Jr. J.D., Mask, D.B., Barnett, J.W., & Gerard, P.D. (2005). Survey of soybean weeds in Mississippi. Weed Technology, 19, 492-498.
Reddy, G.V.P. (2011). Survey of invasive plants on Guam and identification of the 20 most widespread. Micronesica, 41(2), 263-274.
Reddy, K.N., Ding, W., Zablotowicz, R.M., Thomson, S.J., Huang, Y., & Krutz, L.J. (2010). Biological responses to glyphosate drift from aerial application in non‐glyphosate‐resistant corn. Pest Management Science, 66(10), 1148-1154.
Rechinger, K.H. (1963-2015). Flora Iranica, Vols. 1-181. Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.
Richardson, D.M., Pysek, & Carlton, T. (2011). A Compendium of essential concepts and terminology. In: Riccardson, D.M. (ed.), Fifty Years of Invasion Ecology: the legacy of Charles Elton. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, pp. 409-420.
Richardson, D.M., Pysek, P., Rejmanek, M., Barbour, M.G., Panetta, F.D., & West, C.J. 2000. Naturalization and invasion of alien plants: Concepts and definitions. Diversity and distributions, 6(2), 93-107. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-4642.2000.00083.x
Saberi, H., Yousefi, A.R., Pouryousef, M., Asghari Birbaneh, J., & Tokasi, S. (2022). Response of invasive perennial western ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya) to chemical and mechanical control. Weed Biology and Management, 1-9. DOI: 10.1111/wbm.12257
Saberi, H., Yousefi, A.R., Pouryousef, M., Tokasi, S., Asghari Birbaneh, J. & Iriti, M. (2025). Chemical characterization and allelopathic effects of Ambrosia psilostachya (Asteraceae). Chemistry & Biodiversity 0:e02443, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202502443
Smith, C.A. (1981). Flora Vitiensis nova: a new flora of Fiji, 2. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii, USA.
Smith, C.A., Shaw, D.R. & Newsom, L.J. (1992). Arrowleaf sida (Sida rhombifolia) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa): germination and emergence. Weed Research, 32, 103-109.
Viarouge, N., Marnotte, P., & Merlier, H. (1997). Practical identification of weeds in the Sida L. genus. https://agritrop.cirad.fr/388928/1/document_388928.pdf
Webster, T.M., & Nichols, R.L. (2012). Changes in the prevalence of weed species in the major agronomic crops of the Southern United States: 1994/1995 to 2008/2009. Weed Science, 60, 145-157.