مطالعۀ کارایی روشهای مختلف تجزیۀ زیستی میکروبی در حذف آلاینده‌های هیدروکربنی نفت خام
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی شیمی (آلودگیهای محیط زیست)
فرهود نوائی
1
(دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری)
عباس هاشمی‌زاده
2
(دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری)
کلید واژه: تخریب میکروبی, آلاینده‌های هیدروکربنی نفتی, تجزیۀ بیولوژیکی, پالایش زیستی,
چکیده مقاله :
آلاینده‌های هیدروکربن‌های نفتی، از لحاظ تجزیه و مقابله جزء ترکیب‌های سخت بوده و به عنوان آلاینده‌های آلی پایدار و مهم طبقه بندی می‌شوند. این آلاینده‌ها اثرات نامطلوبی بر سلامت انسان و محیط پیرامونش دارند و مقابله با آلودگی محیط زیست ناشی از آنها مسئلۀ مهمی برای جهان و جوامع بشری است. هرچند پاکسازی این آلاینده‌ها از محیط زیست یک مشکل اساسی است، اما تجزیۀ بیولوژیکی که از فعالیّت بیولوژیکی طبیعی و تجزیۀ میکروبی استفاده می‌کند، یک روش سازگار با محیط زیست و اقتصادی برای کنترل این نوع آلودگی‌ها است و در پاکسازی محیط‌های آلوده با هیدروکربن‌های نفتی به یک روش اصلی تبدیل شده است. پژوهش حاضر یک بررسی جامع، به‌هنگام و کارآمد دربارۀ تصفیۀ زیستی آلاینده‌های هیدروکربنی نفت خام با در نظر گرفتن دگرگونی و تغییرات هیدروکربن‌ها توسط میکروارگانیسمها با تمرکز ویژه بر بینش‌های جدید به وجود آمده در چند سال اخیر را ارائه می‌دهد. همچنین متابولیسم هیدروکربن‌ها در میکروارگانیسمها با مرور تحقیقات ارائه شده در چند سال اخیر تشریح شده است. نتایج مطالعه حاضر به خوبی نشان می‌دهد آلاینده‌های هیدروکربن‌های نفتی با استفاده از برخی میکروارگانیسمها مانند اولئوفیلیک، تا حد قابل قبولی زیست‌تجزیه‌پذیر بوده و حذف آنها با این روش مقرون به صرفه و اقتصادی است، همچنین تجزیۀ بیولوژیکی میکروبی آلاینده‌های هیدروکربن نفتی از فعالیّت‌های کاتالیزوری آنزیمی میکروارگانیسمها استفاده می‌کند و میزان تخریب آلاینده‌ها را تا چندین برابر روشهای سنتی افزایش دهد.
Petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants are one of the hardest compounds in terms of decomposition and control and classified as stable and important organic pollutants that have adverse effects on human health and the environment and combating environmental pollution caused by them is an important issue for the world and human societies. Although the removal of these pollutants from the environment is a major problem, biodegradation (which uses natural microbial biodegradation activity) is an ecofriendly and economical approach to control these types of contaminants and has become a pivotal method of cleaning up environments contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. The present study provides a comprehensive, uptodate and efficient review of the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants, taking into account the hydrocarbon alterations in microorganisms with a particular focus on the new insights gained in recent years. Also, the metabolism of hydrocarbons in microorganisms has been described by reviewing research presented in recent years. The results of studies show well that petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants are biodegradable using some microorganisms such as oleophilic and their removal by this method is cost-effective and economical. Microbial biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants uses the enzymatic catalytic activities of microorganisms to increase the degradation of contaminants several times more than traditional methods
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