Investigating the treatability of prepared food industry wastewater using the chemical process of coagulation and flocculation

Mitra Gholami Moghadam ¹ ( Master's degree in Civil-Environmental Engineering, Higher Education Research Institute, Rasht, Gilan, Iran )
Fariba Ostovar ² ( PhD in Analytical Chemistry, Environmental Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Guilan, Iran )
Mohadese Tavakoli ³ ( Research expert, Environmental Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Guilan, Iran )

Submited date : 2023-12-17 Accepted date : 2024-08-19

Keywords: Wastewater, prepared food industry, coagulation and flocculation, jar test, iron (III) chloride, COD,

Abstract :

This research aims to investigate the treatability of prepared food industry wastewater using the chemical process of coagulation and flocculation. Ferric chloride (FeCl3) coagulant was used in this process along with polyacrylamide and lime flocculant aids. In order to investigate the mutual effect of the parameters affecting the treatment process, the design of experiments (DOE) software with the central composite model (CCD) was used. Effecting factors on the coagulation and flocculation process such as FeCl3 coagulant concentration in the concentration range of 500-2000 mg/L, initial pH in the range of 5-10, lime and polyelectrolyte with the concentration ranges of 25-100 mg/L and 0.5-2.5 mg/L respectively were evaluated by Jartest device. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis was chosen as the target test to determine the optimal values. Comparison of optimal conditions of single agent and mutual effect of data using experiment design software, an optimal value of pH equal to 7.5, FeCl3 coagulant concentration of 1250 mg/L, and coagulants of lime and polyelectrolyte with concentrations of 60 and 1.5 mg/L respectively, showed COD removal efficiency of 94.15%. Statistical analysis showed that the F-value equal to 19.48 indicates the good agreement of this model with the laboratory results. Also, P-values less than 0.050 indicate the significance of the test. By comparing the laboratory and the predicted results, a good correlation between the results was observed. Finally, the results of this research showed that it is possible to treat the wastewater of the food industry using FeCl3 coagulant, and the treated wastewater meets the standards of discharge to agricultural lands for fields irrigation

References:

AbdollahzadehSharghi, E., Yadegari, F., & Davarpanah, L. J. J. o. E. H. E. (2018). Investigation of Coagulation and Flocculation Process in Chemical Pre-Treatment of Livestock Wastewater. 6(1), 99-110.
Abubakar, M., Okonkwo, P., Edomwonyi-Otu, L. J. N. J. o. E. S., & Research, T. (2023). KINETIC STUDIES AND OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENT OF TANNERY WASTEWATER USING DESIGN EXPERT. 9(2), 96-108.
Akbal, F., Camcı, S. J. C. E., & Technology. (2010). Comparison of electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation for heavy metal removal. 33(10), 1655-1664.
Alkhamisi, S. A., Ahmed, M. J. E. C., & Change, F. o. A. i. t. G. C. C. C. F. A. i. t. C. o. C. (2014). Opportunities and challenges of using treated wastewater in agriculture. 109-123.
Amin, A., Al Bazedi, G., & Abdel-Fatah, M. A. J. A. S. E. J. (2021). Experimental study and mathematical model of coagulation/sedimentation units for treatment of food processing wastewater. 12(1), 195-203.
Arola, K., Ward, A., Mänttäri, M., Kallioinen, M., & Batstone, D. J. W. r. (2019). Transport of pharmaceuticals during electrodialysis treatment of wastewater. 161, 496-504.
Atta, H. A., Hummadi, K. K., M-Ridha, M. J. J. D., & TREATMENT, W. (2022). The application of response surface methodology and Design-Expert® for analysis of ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous solution using raw rice husk: kinetic and isotherm studies. 248, 203-216.
Balbinoti, J. R., dos Santos Junior, R. E., de Sousa, L. B. F., de Jesus Bassetti, F., Balbinoti, T. C. V., Jorge, R. M. M., & de Matos Jorge, L. M. J. J. o. W. P. E. (2023). Plant-based coagulants for food industry wastewater treatment. 52, 103525.
Barbera, M., & Gurnari, G. (2018). Wastewater treatment and reuse in the food industry: Springer.
Bayuo, J., Abukari, M. A., & Pelig-Ba, K. B. J. A. W. S. (2020). Optimization using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) for biosorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous media. 10(6), 1-12.
Chen, J., Eraghi Kazzaz, A., AlipoorMazandarani, N., Hosseinpour Feizi, Z., & Fatehi, P. J. M. (2018). Production of flocculants, adsorbents, and dispersants from lignin. 23(4), 868.
Fitriani, N., Mohamed, R. M. S. R., Affandi, M., Nurdin, R. R., & Kurniawan, S. B. J. J. o. E. E. (2023). Performance of intermittent slow sand filter processing units in treating food court wastewater. 24(4).
Gasemloo, S., Khosravi, M., Sohrabi, M. R., Dastmalchi, S., & Gharbani, P. J. J. o. C. P. (2019). Response surface methodology (RSM) modeling to improve removal of Cr (VI) ions from tannery wastewater using sulfated carboxymethyl cellulose nanofilter. 208, 736-742.
Gulzamana, H., & Baloo, L. J. A. o. t. R. S. f. C. B. (2021). Design Expert Application in the Optimization of Cadmium (II) by Chitosan from Produced water. 25(6), 4687-4695.
Hernández, K., Muro, C., Ortega, R. E., Velazquez, S., & Riera, F. J. E. T. (2021). Water recovery by treatment of food industry wastewater using membrane processes. 42(5), 775-788.
Ho, Y.-C., Chua, S.-C., & Chong, F.-K. (2020). Coagulation-flocculation technology in water and wastewater treatment. In Handbook of Research on Resource Management for Pollution and Waste Treatment (pp. 432-457): IGI Global.
Hu, R., Liu, Y., Zhu, G., Chen, C., Hantoko, D., & Yan, M. J. J. o. W. P. E. (2022). COD removal of wastewater from hydrothermal carbonization of food waste: Using coagulation combined activated carbon adsorption. 45, 102462.
Jia, X., Li, M., Wang, Y., Wu, Y., Zhu, L., Wang, X., . . . Ecotechnology. (2020). Enhancement of hydrogen production and energy recovery through electro-fermentation from the dark fermentation effluent of food waste. 1, 100006.
Kaur, B., Garg, R. K., & Singh, A. P. J. J. o. E. T. T. (2021). Treatment of wastewater from pulp and paper mill using coagulation and flocculation. 9(1), 158-163.
Khettaf, S., Boumaraf, R., Benmahdi, F., Bouhidel, K.-E., & Bouhelassa, M. J. A. L. (2021). Removal of the neutral dissolved organic matter (NDOM) from surface water by coagulation/flocculation and nanofiltration. 54(17), 2713-2726.
Khoshvaght, H., Delnavaz, M., & Leili, M. J. J. o. W. P. E. (2021). Optimization of acetaminophen removal from high load synthetic pharmaceutical wastewater by experimental and ANOVA analysis. 42, 102107.
Khouni, I., Louhichi, G., Ghrabi, A., Moulin, P. J. P. S., & Protection, E. (2020). Efficiency of a coagulation/flocculation–membrane filtration hybrid process for the treatment of vegetable oil refinery wastewater for safe reuse and recovery. 135, 323-341.
Louhıchı, G., Bousselmı, L., Ghrabı, A., Khounı, I. J. E. S., & Research, P. (2019). Process optimization via response surface methodology in the physico-chemical treatment of vegetable oil refinery wastewater. 26, 18993-19011.
Mateus, A., Torres, J., Marimon-Bolivar, W., Pulgarín, L. J. W. R., & Industry. (2021). Implementation of magnetic bentonite in food industry wastewater treatment for reuse in agricultural irrigation. 26, 100154.
Muhamad Ng, S. N., Idrus, S., Ahsan, A., Tuan Mohd Marzuki, T. N., & Mahat, S. B. J. M. (2021). Treatment of wastewater from a food and beverage industry using conventional wastewater treatment integrated with membrane bioreactor system: A pilot-scale case study. 11(6), 456.
Pervez, M. N., Mishu, M. R., Stylios, G. K., Hasan, S. W., Zhao, Y., Cai, Y., . . . Naddeo, V. J. W. (2021). Sustainable treatment of food industry wastewater using membrane technology: A short review. 13(23), 3450.
Popoola, L. T. J. H. (2019). Nano-magnetic walnut shell-rice husk for Cd (II) sorption: design and optimization using artificial intelligence and design expert. 5(8).
Qasim, W., Mane, A. J. W. R., & Industry. (2013). Characterization and treatment of selected food industrial effluents by coagulation and adsorption techniques. 4, 1-12.
Shrivastava, V., Ali, I., Marjub, M. M., Rene, E. R., & Soto, A. M. F. J. C. (2022). Wastewater in the food industry: Treatment technologies and reuse potential. 293, 133553.
Sibiya, N., Amo-Duodu, G., Tetteh, E. K., & Rathilal, S. J. M. T. P. (2022). Response surface optimisation of a magnetic coagulation process for wastewater treatment via Box-Behnken. 62, S122-S126.
Turan, N. B., Erkan, H. S., Engin, G. O. J. P. S., & Protection, E. (2017). The investigation of shale gas wastewater treatment by electro-Fenton process: Statistical optimization of operational parameters. 109, 203-213.
Vijayan, G., Saravanane, R., Sundararajan, T. J. J. o. G., & Protection, E. (2017). Study on the effect of variation of flow in sequencing batch reactor using PCA and ANOVA. 5(4), 56-74.
طاهریون, & پور, م. (2019). ارزیابی فرآیند انعقاد و لخته سازی در حذف فلزات سنگین از پساب شیمیایی مجتمع فولاد مبارکه. علوم و تکنولوژی محیط زیست, 21(6), 46-60.
کوهستانی, اسلامی, زاده, ک., & رامین. (2019). بهینه‌سازی آماری با استفاده از طراحی مرکب مرکزی برای فرایند سیلیس‌زدایی از زئولیت طبیعی جهت جذب آب از سوخت دیزل. سوخت و احتراق, 12(4), 97-110.