Investigating the environmental benefits and economics of integrated pest management (IPM)
Subject Areas : اقتصاد محیط زیست
Bahareh Rafiei
1
*
,
Fatemeh Moazzezi
2
1 - Plant Protection Research Department, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
2 - Social and Extension Research Department, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
Keywords: Fluoride ions, Phosphate tank, Electrocoagulation, Industrial wastewater,
Abstract :
In recent years, the importance of developing and implementing Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs has grown due to increasing environmental concerns associated with the use of chemical pesticides. As a comprehensive and sustainable approach, IPM integrates biological, mechanical, agronomic, and chemical methods to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides and maintain ecological balance. The environmental and economic benefits of IPM are substantial. Key advantages include reduced production costs, improved crop quality and yield, enhanced food security, decreased contamination of natural resources, biodiversity conservation, and greater safety for non-target species. These benefits can be translated into economic value, and assessing the economic impact of IPM programs can support broader adoption and policy planning. Despite its numerous benefits, the implementation of IPM still faces challenges, including farmers’ lack of awareness, inadequate infrastructure, and continued reliance on conventional practices. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive educational initiatives and supportive policy frameworks. This review highlights the critical role of IPM in mitigating the negative environmental impacts of pesticide use. It also examines the economic factors and models that influence the environmental outcomes of IPM implementation, drawing on scientific evidence and case studies.
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