بررسی منافع محیط زیستی و اقتصادی مدیریت تلفیقی آفات (IPM)
محورهای موضوعی : اقتصاد محیط زیست
بهاره رفیعی
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فاطمه معززی
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1 - بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترويج کشاورزی، رشت، ايران
2 - بخش تحقیقات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران
کلید واژه: مدیریت تلفیقی آفات (IPM), آفتکشها, کاهش آلودگی, بهرهوری اقتصادی, محیطزیست,
چکیده مقاله :
در سالهای اخیر، اهمیت توسعه و اجرای برنامههای مدیریت تلفیقی آفات (IPM) به دلیل چالشهای محیط زیستی ناشی از مصرف آفتکشهای شیمیایی افزایش یافته است. IPM به عنوان یک رویکرد جامع و پایدار، با ترکیب روشهای زیستی، مکانیکی، زراعی و شیمیایی، سبب کاهش وابستگی به آفتكشهاي شیمیایی و حفظ تعادل بوم شناختی میشود. منافع اقتصادی و محیط زیستی مدیریت تلفیقی آفات قابل توجه است. از مهمترین مزایای این روش میتوان به کاهش هزینههای تولید، افزایش کیفیت و بازدهی محصولات، امنیت غذایی، کاهش آلودگی منابع طبیعی، حفظ تنوع زیستی و افزایش ایمنی گونههای غیرهدف اشاره کرد. این مزایا را میتوان به صورت ارزش اقتصادی بیان کرد و با محاسبه ارزش اقتصادی برنامههای IPM، گامهای مؤثری برای شناسایی منافع و کاربرد وسیعتر آنها برداشت. با وجود مزایای متعدد IPM، چالشهایی در مسیر اجرای این برنامهها وجود دارد. کمبود آگاهی کشاورزان، زیرساختهای ناکافی و تمایل به استفاده از روشهای سنتی از مهمترین موانع هستند. برای غلبه بر این چالشها، ارائه برنامههای آموزشی برای آگاهی از اهمیت IPM و سیاستهای حمایتی ضروری است. این بررسی با ارائه شواهد علمی و دادههای موردی، بر نقش و اهمیت مدیریت تلفیقی آفات، به عنوان ابزاری کارآمد برای کاهش پیامدهای منفی محیط زیستی مصرف آفتکشها و ارزیابی عوامل و مدلهای اقتصادی مؤثر بر منافع محیط زیستی در مسیر اجرای برنامههای IPM، تأکید دارد.
In recent years, the importance of developing and implementing Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs has grown due to increasing environmental concerns associated with the use of chemical pesticides. As a comprehensive and sustainable approach, IPM integrates biological, mechanical, agronomic, and chemical methods to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides and maintain ecological balance. The environmental and economic benefits of IPM are substantial. Key advantages include reduced production costs, improved crop quality and yield, enhanced food security, decreased contamination of natural resources, biodiversity conservation, and greater safety for non-target species. These benefits can be translated into economic value, and assessing the economic impact of IPM programs can support broader adoption and policy planning. Despite its numerous benefits, the implementation of IPM still faces challenges, including farmers’ lack of awareness, inadequate infrastructure, and continued reliance on conventional practices. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive educational initiatives and supportive policy frameworks. This review highlights the critical role of IPM in mitigating the negative environmental impacts of pesticide use. It also examines the economic factors and models that influence the environmental outcomes of IPM implementation, drawing on scientific evidence and case studies.
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