List of articles (by subject) Water and wastewater technology
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Open Access Article
1 - The application of Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) sensor in water and wastewater treatment industries
seyed ali rahmani nejadThe Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) is applied for controlling the chemical and biological reactions. It means, by the help of ORP the tendency of reactions for occurring in aqueous solution are measured. The ORP measurement has been used in variety of applications MoreThe Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) is applied for controlling the chemical and biological reactions. It means, by the help of ORP the tendency of reactions for occurring in aqueous solution are measured. The ORP measurement has been used in variety of applications especially, water and wastewater treatment e.g. cyanide detoxification, advanced oxidation processes (production of hydroxyl radicals: fenton), water disinfection and etc. By measuring the ORP during the reaction, the end time of reaction, the required concentration of reactants and optimum conditions be determined. In this study, the use of ORP in most common reactions in water and wastewater industries are investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Determining the Optimum Coagulant for Chemical Treatment of Fiber Wastewater from Pulp and Paper Mills
هانیه میربلوکی shamim moghadami Fariba OstovarPulp and paper mills consider as a major wastewater producer industries in order to cellulosic pollution and also consuming high amount of water during the process.The wastewater treatment process is complicated because these kinds of effluents contain suspended & coll MorePulp and paper mills consider as a major wastewater producer industries in order to cellulosic pollution and also consuming high amount of water during the process.The wastewater treatment process is complicated because these kinds of effluents contain suspended & colloidal impurities and color & odor; so using chemical coagulants via the Jar test can be an appropriate alternative to remove the contaminants. In this research, different concentrations of Alum, PAC and FeCl3 coagulants were tested to reduce the contamination load of the effluent from three important major parts of fiber wastewater producers; that, according to the results FeCl3 was reported as the best chemical coagulants which removed 61%, 74/05 % and 58% of the COD from the three mentioned parts effluent. Therefore, chemical treatment by using of an appropriate coagulant with the optimum concentration can perform an important role in reducing the effluent contamination load. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Compare the performance of conventional coagulants made of ferric sulfate turbidity and organic carbon surface water
Water treatment, according to its substantial role in life and also environmental topics, has a great importance. generally speaking, different methods are utilized in water and wastewater treatment such as: sedimentation, filtration and biologic treatment methods. One MoreWater treatment, according to its substantial role in life and also environmental topics, has a great importance. generally speaking, different methods are utilized in water and wastewater treatment such as: sedimentation, filtration and biologic treatment methods. One of the most important methods applied in water and wastewater treatment is coagulation of suspended solid contents of water using coagulants. Coagulants are divided into non-organic (mineral). synthetic organic and non-synthetic organic groups. In this research, efficiency of non-organic (mineral) coagulants including Ferric chloror, Aluminum phosphate, Poly Aluminum chloride & Polly Ferric Sulphate, in coagulation – flocculation process was studied and compared using a Jar test system. It should be mentioned that for the first time in Iran, Polly Ferric Sulphate was tested during research. According to reported results, this coagulation, compared with other coagulants, indicates better performance in conception, heavier flock’s production higher sedimentation velocity, turbidity removal efficiency, organic carbon removal percent and its good performance in a wider range of temperature and pH. Moreover, because of Ferric base, it does not face with common problems of Aluminum based materials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Investigation of Using Ultrafiltration and Fenton Combined treatment method for pulp and paper wastewater Treatment
niloofar Abedinzade alireza pendashteh Fariba OstovarIn this study, the treatability of pulp and paper wastewater has been studied using a combined method (ultrafiltration and fenton) in a laboratory scale. First, the effect of membrane filtration on the removal of turbidity and COD, as well as membrane flux and membrane MoreIn this study, the treatability of pulp and paper wastewater has been studied using a combined method (ultrafiltration and fenton) in a laboratory scale. First, the effect of membrane filtration on the removal of turbidity and COD, as well as membrane flux and membrane fouling were investigated, and then the advanced oxidation method was used to supplement the treatment and increase the removal efficiency of the pollutants. At the end of the membrane filtration operation, the removal efficiency of turbidity was 99%. Based on the results, the average COD of the filtration process with 41.8% removal efficiency was 906 mg/ l. Under optimal pressure conditions bar-1, the amount of membrane flux in the first backwash was equal to 1/99 L.m-2.h-1 which this amount reached to 1/26 L.m-2.h-1after the fourth backwash. the Fenton process removed 862/5 mg /L COD from the pretreated wastewater by UF membrane with an optimal dose of 1.5 mM for Fe +2 and 6 mM for a hydrogen peroxide at an initial pH of 3 and at a 17minute reaction time .In these conditions, the removal efficiency of COD, BOD5 and color was 95%, 90.3% and 92.1% respectively, These results shows high efficiency of the advanced oxidation process to remove contaminants in pulp and paper wastewater Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigation of the ability for removal of methylene blue cationic dye in aqueous samples using synthetic polymers
Marzieh Hasanzadeh Fariba OstovarIn this research, the ability for removal of methylene blue cationic dye using Electro active polymers based on polypyrrole (PPy) and poly (3-methylthiophene) (P3MTh) in a batch system were studied. Sawdust (SD) was made from wood, after patching, as a holder for coatin MoreIn this research, the ability for removal of methylene blue cationic dye using Electro active polymers based on polypyrrole (PPy) and poly (3-methylthiophene) (P3MTh) in a batch system were studied. Sawdust (SD) was made from wood, after patching, as a holder for coating polymers and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Anionic Surfactant (SDS) was used to modify the surface of the sawdust. The effects of some important parameters such as pH, initial concentration of dye and contact time were investigated. To evaluate the obtained data, adsorption isotherm curves (Langmuir and Freundlich) were used. The adsorption efficiency for methylene blue was maximized at alkaline pH. Adsorption capacity increased with increasing initial concentration and contact time. In all cases, the adsorption process complies with Langmuir isotherm and represents the homogeneous and single-layer process. Also, the adsorption capacity obtained in SD/PPy, SD /PPy / SDS and SD / P3MTh polymers were 59/52, 400 and 1000 mg/g, respectively. Based on the studies and the results obtained in this study, it was found that these polymer materials can effectively be used in waste dyes, such as textile industry, which they have the great environmental significance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Coagulant recovery from waterworks sludge by acid digestion method
S Elaheh Mahdavian Ahagh Fariba OstovarCoagulation is a process that increases the tendency of small particles in an aqueous suspension to attach to one another and to surfaces such as the media in a filter bed and is applied through mixing coagulants such as aluminum sulfate (alum), ferric chloride and poly MoreCoagulation is a process that increases the tendency of small particles in an aqueous suspension to attach to one another and to surfaces such as the media in a filter bed and is applied through mixing coagulants such as aluminum sulfate (alum), ferric chloride and polyaluminum chloride with raw water. Sludge containing coagulant is formed after coagulation and through sedimentation of natural turbidity. Presence of high amounts of coagulant in waterworks sludge, increases environmental risks and disposal costs. Coagulants in sludge have high economic value. Therefore, if these coagulants recover, not only sludge disposal risks but also expenses related to supply of fresh coagulant in water or wastewater treatment plant may decrease. In this paper, researches conducted by acid digestion method for coagulant recovery from waterworks sludge are investigated. Amounts of coagulant recovery, advantages and disadvantages and economic aspects of this method are studied. Results of the investigation showed that using sulfuric acid is the best option for conducting acid digestion process because it is cheap and available. Moreover, if the purpose of recovering process is to achieve a recovered coagulant with a similar quality to the commercial ones, acid digestion method will not satisfy related standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A review of widely used industrial dyes and their removal methods from water and wastewater
Fariba Ostovar Marzieh HasanzadehIn recent years, the expansion of industries has led to increase industrial wastewater production and environmental pollution. Dyes materials are one of the most important pollutants in industrial wastewater. Today, dyes are widely used in various industries such as tex MoreIn recent years, the expansion of industries has led to increase industrial wastewater production and environmental pollution. Dyes materials are one of the most important pollutants in industrial wastewater. Today, dyes are widely used in various industries such as textile, paper, leather, printing, and cosmetics. Drainage of colored wastewater does not only affect the aesthetic aspect of the receiving water but also reduces the process of photosynthesis. Also, the colors and their intermediate products are toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic for aquatic life. Most of these dyes cause skin allergies, dermatitis, and itching, and accelerate the incidence of cancer and mutation in humans. Therefore, industrial wastewaters containing dye need to be treated prior to discharge into the receiving environment. The purpose of this study was to provide a summary of the most important industrial dyes, the health and environmental effects of dyes as pollutants, and to describe the methods for their removal from water and wastewater. In this study, different dye removal methods such as biological, physical and surface adsorption methods were described and the best process for treatment of colored wastewater was introduced considering the economical cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation and comparison of some green methods for synthesis of silver nanoparticles
sepide hamedi seyed abbas shojaossadatiNowadays, there is an increasing need to develop high-yield, low cost, nontoxic, and eco-friendly procedures for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Therefore, the green synthesis methods become customary for synthesis of nanoparticles. Among metallic nanoparticles, na MoreNowadays, there is an increasing need to develop high-yield, low cost, nontoxic, and eco-friendly procedures for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Therefore, the green synthesis methods become customary for synthesis of nanoparticles. Among metallic nanoparticles, nanosilver has developed because of its therapeutic properties. So in this paper, polysaccharide, tollens and biological green methods were investigated. In polysaccharide and tollens methods, starch and β-D glucose were used as a satabilizer and reducer respectively. In biological method biomass and cell filtrate of the Fusarium oxysporum fungus were used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. SEM images and UV-visible absorbtion spectra of these procedures showed that the polysaccharide method produced smaller silver nanoparticles wih high productivity. The changes of NADH-dependant nitrate reductase enzyme activity was evaluated in growh duration by colorometric Harely method due to importance of this enzyme in extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Results showed that the changes of dry cell mass impact on the enzyme activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Evaluation of the Efficiency of Tallens, Polysaccharides and microbial Methods in Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
One of the important aspects of nanotechnology application is expanding sustainable and eco-friendly procedures for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Therefore, the green synthesis methods become customary for synthesis of nanoparticles. In this research, green polys MoreOne of the important aspects of nanotechnology application is expanding sustainable and eco-friendly procedures for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Therefore, the green synthesis methods become customary for synthesis of nanoparticles. In this research, green polysaccharide methods, modified polysaccharide, tollens and microbial methods were investigated. In polysaccharide and tollens methods, starch and β-D glucose were used as a satabilizer and reducer respectively. In biological method biomass and cell filtrate of the Fusarium oxysporum fungus were used for synthesis of nanoparticles. SEM images and UV-visible absorbtion spectra of these procedures showed that the polysaccharide method produced smaller silver nanoparticles (20 nm), more resistance (2 months) and higher efficiency. Also, TEM imageindicated that the shapes of these particles are spherical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Evaluation of natural adsorbents in water and wastewater treatment
Mohadeseh TavakoliWith increasing industrial activities and discharging untreated wastewater which contains various environmental pollutants to aquatic environments, problems such as reducing the penetration of light, anaerobic conditions and complications such as allergies and cancer fo MoreWith increasing industrial activities and discharging untreated wastewater which contains various environmental pollutants to aquatic environments, problems such as reducing the penetration of light, anaerobic conditions and complications such as allergies and cancer for humans and other living organisms will occur. Surface absorption is one of the most effective and efficient methods for the removal of environmental pollutants and among the common methods for treatment of wastewater, applying natural adsorbents are more efficient than the other methods and is more economic. Since there are many natural adsorbents in nature, they are very inexpensive, they are even free in some cases; adsorption of contaminants by these materials can be a suitable way to remove the toxic substances of contaminated water and industrial wastewater. In this paper, we study some of bioactive adsorbents in order to remove contamination from industrial wastewater. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigation of Congored dye removal from industrial waste water using adsorption method
Mohadeseh Tavakoli niloofar AbedinzadeThese days, the removal of various dyes from industrial wastewater has become an important concern. Synthetic dyes used in industries such as textiles are complex, toxic and mutant organic materials. Congored is also an acidic dye that is considered a high- risk source MoreThese days, the removal of various dyes from industrial wastewater has become an important concern. Synthetic dyes used in industries such as textiles are complex, toxic and mutant organic materials. Congored is also an acidic dye that is considered a high- risk source of contamination and threatens the lives of humans and other living organisms. Different methods, such as electrochemical, physical and biological processes, are used to remove organic pigment from aqueous samples. Adsorption is one of the most effective modern methods of industrial wastewater treatment, which is a relatively simple and inexpensive process that produces non- toxic and low- risk products. The purpose of this study is removing the Congored dye from aqueous solutions and reviewing the accomplished researches for remove it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Evaluation of the efficiency of the advanced aerobic process by the Moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) method in wastewater treatment of detergent production industries
saeed poorkareem Fariba Ostovar Kamran TaghaviAbstract In this study, the aerobic biological process was investigated by the moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) method for wastewater treatment of detergent industries. The mean of COD and LAS in raw wastewater were 10231 mg/L and 210 mg/L, respectively. In this study, th MoreAbstract In this study, the aerobic biological process was investigated by the moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) method for wastewater treatment of detergent industries. The mean of COD and LAS in raw wastewater were 10231 mg/L and 210 mg/L, respectively. In this study, three different concentrations of LAS (210, 500, and 1000 mg/L) were used to determine the efficiency of the whole system in removing COD and LAS. The BOD5/COD ratio increased from 0.2 in raw wastewater to 0.45 after pretreatment. In the MBBR system in reactor 1 with 36 hours of hydraulic rate time (HRT), the highest removal efficiencies of 93.41% and 95% were obtained for COD and LAS, respectively. In Reactor 2 with similar conditions to HRT of 36 hours, the highest removal efficiencies for COD and LAS were 94.20% and 99.99%, respectively. By changing the amount of injected air from 30 L/min to 50 L/min and then 70 L/min, the removal efficiency in the amount of air injected about 50 L/min was increased. Organic charge loading (OUR) studies also showed a reduction in specific oxygen consumption from about 11 mg O2/gr MLSS.hr at the beginning of the operation period to about 2 mg O2/gr MLSS.hr at the end of the period. This study showed that the MBBR process, can meet the environmental output standards for the treatment of detergent industry wastewater and be used as an efficient method in detergent industry wastewater treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Feasibility Study of Denitrification of Drinking Water Using Photocatalytic Substrate over Ultra-High Performance Concrete
Sama Tajasosi Jalil Barandoust Ramazan Vagheei Fariba Ostovar saeed poorkareemDenitrification of drinking water has a research history of more than three decades in the field of water treatment and is still the subject of many research projects. The main purpose of this study is to obtain or modify methods for removing nitrate from drinking water MoreDenitrification of drinking water has a research history of more than three decades in the field of water treatment and is still the subject of many research projects. The main purpose of this study is to obtain or modify methods for removing nitrate from drinking water in an economic way and force minimal adverse effects on the environment. The use of photocatalytic process for denitrification is not new, but there are still many ambiguities. In this study, the feasibility of using two different photocatalysts over the ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) substrate was discussed. This new substrate is fabricated by immobilizing the photocatalyst inside a cement matrix which acts as an active layer over the UHPC surface. Optimum long-term lifecycle and higher efficiency of this active surface is achieved without a significant drop of the photocatalyst activity near the surface. In this study, the possibility of using photocatalytic composite layers over the elements made of UHPC for applications such as water supply channels was evaluated and the challenges of using such layers on UHPC surfaces were described. According to the studies, it was found that the use of fixed cement composite bed for photocatalytic treatment has advantages over other methods of photocatalytic water treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The efficiency of crude enzyme extracted from horseradish root in oxidation of catechol
Soheila Amiri Hosseini Fatemeh Nejatzadeh Eesmaeil Babanezhad fathollah gholamiCatechol is one of the phenolic compounds (with chemical formula (C6H6O2) which is used as a raw material or final product of chemical, petrochemical and oil refineries. In this study, the efficiency of horseradish extract as a gross enzyme and removal of catechol from MoreCatechol is one of the phenolic compounds (with chemical formula (C6H6O2) which is used as a raw material or final product of chemical, petrochemical and oil refineries. In this study, the efficiency of horseradish extract as a gross enzyme and removal of catechol from industrial wastewater was investigated. In order to study the efficiency of variable enzyme processes (20, 10, 40, ml / l), oxygenated water concentrations (0.58, 1.17, 2.35 mol / l) were evaluated for 20 minutes. The output catechol concentration of the process was measured by HPLC at a wavelength of 275 nm. The results of this study showed that with increasing the volume of oxygenated water and keeping the concentration of the enzyme constant, an increasing trend was observed at first, but after a while with a further increase in hydrogen peroxide, no significant change in efficiency was observed. For concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0.58, 1.17, 1.78 mol / L) and hydrogen peroxide (10, 20, 40 ml / L), removal efficiencies of 45%, 60% and 80% were obtained, respectively. However, with the values of oxygenated water concentrations (1.17, 2.35, 3.53 mol / l) and fixed oxygenated water concentrations, the removal efficiency was 42%, 58% and 81%, respectively. Enzymatic treatment process as a suitable process can be used for catechol and its compounds from wastewater. To obtain the appropriate efficiency, it is better to set it in the optimal conditions under optimal conditions and add variables in the reaction. Manuscript profile