تحلیلی بر سیستم موانع چندگانه مهندسی - طبیعی در راستای مدیریت پایدار پسماندهای رادیواکتیو
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت و تکنولوژی مواد زائد
مهدی یزدیان
1
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مهجبین ردایی
2
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راضیه صفار
3
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علیرضا جباری
4
1 - دانشگاه علم و هنر یزد
2 - دانشگاه علم و هنر یزد
3 - دانشگاه علم و هنر یزد
4 - دانشگاه علم و هنر یزد
کلید واژه: مدیریت پایدار, پسماند رادیو اکتیو, سیستم موانع چندگانه,
چکیده مقاله :
رشد جمعیت، فرآیندهای توسعه شهری و صنعتی در سراسر جهان اتخاذ منابع جایگزین انرژی در زمینه کاهش مصرف سوخت‌های فسیلی و همچنین تأثیرات مضر آنها بر سلامت انسان و محیط‌زیست را اجتناب‌‌ناپذیر کرده است. طی دهه‌های گذشته، گسترش استفاده از انرژی هسته‌ای به عنوان منابع انرژی جایگزین، حکایت از تولید گسترده پسماند رادیواکتیو را دارد و مدیریت صحیح پسماندهای رادیواکتیو را به چالشی حیاتی برای جامعه جهانی مبدل ساخته است. مطالعه حاضر نوعی مطالعه مروری است که اصول و فرآیندهای مدیریت پسماندهای رادیواکتیو و عوامل موثر در مکانیابی سایت‌های دفن پسماندهای رادیواکتیو را مورد واکاوی قرار می‌دهد، و بر طراحی موانع چندگانه مهندسی-طبیعی و اتخاذ برنامه‌های کنترلی-نظارتی همراه با الزامات قانونی در راستای دفع بهینه پسماندهای رادیواکتیو تأکید می‌ورزد تا ضمن اخذ راهبردهای کارا به ابعاد مختلف پایداری در تمامی ابعاد محیط‌زیستی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی توجه شود. نتایج مطالعه حاکی از آن است که فرآیندهای آمایش و تثبیت پسماندهای خطرناک، ارزیابی ریسک، مکانیابی سایت دفن، ایمنی طولانی مدت سایت‌های دفن، طراحی سازه‌های مقاوم، اتخاذ سیستم موانع چندگانه مهندسی- طبیعی، طراحی برنامه‌های پایش و نظارتی می‌تواند میزان آسیب‌پذیری انسان و محیط زیست را از سایت‌های دفن پسماندهای رادیواکتیو کاهش دهد و به عنوان چارچوب موثر در مدیریت پسماندهای رادیواکتیو توسط طراحان، برنامه‌ریزان و مهندسان به کار گرفته شود.
Population growth and urban and industrial development processes around the world have made the adoption of alternative energy sources inevitable to reduce fossil fuel consumption as well as their harmful effects on human and environmental health. Over the past decades, the expansion of using nuclear energy as an alternative energy source indicates the widespread production of radioactive waste and the proper management of radioactive waste has become a vital challenge for the international community. The present study is a review study that examines the principles and processes of radioactive waste management and the factors influencing the location of radioactive waste landfills. It also emphasizes on the design of multiple engineering-natural barriers and the adoption of control-monitoring programs with legal requirements for the optimal disposal of radioactive waste to adopt efficient strategies to pay attention to various aspects of sustainability in all aspects of the environmental, social, and economic. The results of the study indicate that the processes of preparation and stabilization of hazardous waste, risk assessment, landfill site selection, the long-term safety of landfills, design of durable structures, adoption of multiple engineering-natural barrier systems, design of monitoring and control programs can reduce humans and environment vulnerability from radioactive waste landfills and can be used as effective frameworks in the radioactive waste management by designers, planners and, engineers.
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