اثرات محیط زیستی ورود پسماندهای پلاستیکی به دریا و روش¬های مدیریت آن (مطالعه مروری)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت و تکنولوژی مواد زائد
سیده بهاره عظیمی
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غلامرضا اله قلی پور
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یوسف عظیمی
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1 - پژوهشکده محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
2 - پژوهشکده محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
3 - پژوهشکده محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
کلید واژه: مدیریت پسماند, آلاینده¬های پلاستیکی, آلاینده¬های دریایی, محیط زیست,
چکیده مقاله :
يكي از پيامدهاي تحولات جامعه جهاني در يك سده اخير توسعه شهرنشيني و تمركز بيش از پيش اجتماعات بشري در مناطق شهري است. رشد جمعيت و تمايل به شهرنشيني از تحولات قرن حاضر است كه اين امر به نوبه خود استفاده بيشتر از منابع و توليد ضايعات را تشديد نموده است. اين افزايش جمعيت به همراه توسعه شهر نشيني مصرف منابع طبيعي و به تبع آن دورریز و توليد انواع ضايعات و پسماندها را به همراه دارد. در نتیجه مدیریت پسماند در جهان به سویی می‌رود که به چالشی بزرگ در نواحی شهری بدل شود. این چالش، به ویژه در شهرهای بزرگ، بزرگ تر است. این پسماندها نه تنها در اکوسیستم انسان و خشکی های کره زمین، بلکه به دریاها نیز راه یافته است و موجودات آبزی را نیز از آثار سوء خود بی بهره نگذاشته اند. به منظور همگام شدن با نیازهای توسعه اقتصادی سریع و رشد پیوسته جمعیت و نیز به دلیل نقش حیاتی مدیریت پسماند در حفظ محیط زیست و سلامت همگانی، مدیریت پسماندهای دریایی یکی از اولویت‌های حال حاضر جوامع می باشد. دفع و تجمع پسماندها در محیط زیست دریایی یکی از تهدیدهای محیط زیستی است که با سرعت بسیار زیادی رو به افزایش است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر مرور منابع و جمع آوری اطلاعاتی در خصوص ورود پسماندهای پلاستیکی به دریا، اثرات محیط زیستی آن و روش های مدیریت پسماندهای پلاستیکی دریایی می باشد.
Abstract One of the consequences of the developments of the world society in the last century is the development of urbanization and the focus of human communities in urban areas. The growth of population and tendency to urbanization is one of the developments of the current century, which intensified the use of resources and the production of waste. This increase in population along with the development of urbanization leads to the consumption of natural resources and as a result, it leads to production of all kinds of wastes. So, waste management in the world is becoming a big challenge in urban areas. This challenge is greater, especially in big towns. These wastes have not only entered the human ecosystem and the land of the earth, but also entered the seas and it has also left unfavorable effects on aquatic creatures. In order to keep pace with the needs of rapid economic development and continuous population growth, and also because of the vital role of waste management in preserving the environment and public health, marine waste management is one of the current priorities of societies. Disposal and accumulation of waste in the marine environment is one of the environmental threats that is increasing at a very fast pace. The purpose of this study is to review sources and collect information about the entry of plastic waste into the sea, its environmental effects and methods of marine plastic waste management.
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