ساماندهی رودخانه‌های شهری: ارزیابی اثرات محیط زیستی بر پایداری اکوسیستم و مدیریت منابع آبی (مطالعه موردی: رودخانه گرگ‌رود)

چکیده مقاله :

مطالعات زیست‌محیطی از ارکان کلیدی طرح‌های ساماندهی رودخانه‌ها، به‌ویژه در محدوده‌های شهری و روستایی به شمار می‌روند. این مقاله با هدف ارزیابی کمی و کیفی اثرات زیست‌محیطی احداث دیوار ساحلی در رودخانه گرگ‌رود، واقع در جنوب شهرستان تنکابن استان مازندران، تدوین شده‌است. در این مطالعه با بهره‌گیری از روش چک‌لیست‌های استاندارد، اثرات زیست‌محیطی در سه مؤلفه اصلی شامل محیط فیزیکی، بیولوژیکی و اجتماعی- اقتصادی و فرهنگی، در دو فاز ساختمانی و بهره‌برداری بررسی گردید. چک‌لیست‌ها بر اساس شاخص‌های کمی مانند شدت اثر، مدت زمان اثر، گستره مکانی و برگشت‌پذیری، تهیه شده و مجموعاً 3 نوع چک‌لیست تکمیل شد. نتایج نشان داد در فاز ساختمانی، 80 درصد اثرات منفی، مربوط به محیط فیزیکی است که همگی کوتاه‌مدت، با نحوه اثر مستقیم و برگشت‌پذیر می‌باشند. پس از پایان عملیات ساختمانی، شدت اثرات منفی به میزان  قابل‌توجهی کاهش یافته و اثرات مثبت آغاز می‌شود. در فاز بهره‌برداری، اثرات مثبت در محیط‌های فیزیکی، بیولوژیکی و اجتماعی- اقتصادی و فرهنگی غالب است، به‌طوری که به ترتیب 80، 75 و 6/66 درصد از کل اثرات، مثبت ارزیابی شده‌اند. همچنین اغلب این اثرات دارای بازه زمانی بلندمدت هستند. در راستای کنترل اثرات منفی و ارتقاء آثار مثبت طرح، پیشنهاد می‌شود اقدامات مدیریتی و برنامه‌ریزی‌های نظارتی با شاخص‌های مشخص اجرا گردد. بر این اساس، انتظار می‌رود اجرای طرح ساماندهی رودخانه گرگ‌رود، به بهبود کمی و کیفی شاخص‌های زیست‌محیطی منطقه منجر شود.

چکیده انگلیسی :

Environmental studies are among the fundamental pillars of river training projects, especially in urban and rural areas. This study aims to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the environmental impacts of constructing a coastal protection wall along the Gorgrud River, located in the southern part of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. In this research, environmental impacts were evaluated during both the construction and operation phases, based on standardized checklists focusing on three major components: the physical environment, biological environment, and socio-economic and cultural environment. The checklists were developed using quantitative criteria, including impact intensity, duration, spatial extent, and reversibility. In total, three types of checklists were completed. The results indicated that during the construction phase, 80% of the negative impacts were related to the physical environment, all of which were short-term, direct, and reversible. Following the completion of construction activities, the intensity of negative impacts significantly decreased, while positive impacts became evident. During the operation phase, positive impacts dominated across all three components, with 80%, 75%, and 66.6% of the total impacts being evaluated as positive for the physical, biological, and socio-economic-cultural environments, respectively. Most of these positive impacts were characterized as long-term. To mitigate negative impacts and enhance positive outcomes, it is recommended to implement targeted management actions and monitoring programs with well-defined indicators. Accordingly, the implementation of the Gorgrud River training project is expected to contribute to measurable improvements in the environmental quality of the region

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