بررسی میکروپلاستیک‌ها به عنوان آلاینده نوظهور در منابع و اثرات بهداشتی برروی انسان، مطالعه مروری
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی محیط زیستمرجان سالاری درگی 1 * , محمدباقر خراسانی 2
1 - دانشگاه صنعتی سیرجان
2 - دانشگاه صنعتی سیرجان
کلید واژه: کلمات کلیدی: میکروپلاستیک, منابع محبطی, اثرات بهداشتی, محیط زیست,
چکیده مقاله :
در سال‌های اخیر، آلودگی محیط زیست با پلاستیک‌ها به یکی از بزرگترین نگرانی‌های جوامع مختلف تبدیل شده است. میکروپلاستیک‌ها به مواد پلاستیکی با اندازه کمتراز 5 میلی‌متر گفته می‌شود. میکروپلاستیک برای هزاران سال بدون اینکه تجزیه شوند در محیط زیست باقی می‌مانند. با این‌حال، روش های تحلیلی دقیق برای تشخیص و توصیف پلاستیک‌های ریز (میکروپلاستیک‌ها) کمیاب هستند. در این پژوهش توصیفی- مروری براساس مطالعات محققین مختلف و مقالات سال‌های اخیر به معرفی این آلاینده و به برخی اثرات آن در محیط‌های مختلف و اثرات سوء این آلاینده بر روی سلامتی انسان پرداخته شده است. نتایح مطالعات نشان داده است که آلودگی میکروپلاستیک نمک به‌طور قابل توجهی بین چهار منبع متفاوت، نمک دریا 1674-0، نمک دریاچه 8-462 و سنگ نمک چاه 204-0 میکروپلاستیک بر کیلوگرم گزارش شده است. تعداد میکروپلاستیک‌ها در آب تصفیه نشده 34± 1437 تا 497± 3605 ذره در هر لیتر است و به‌طور کلی مقدار میکروپلاستیک‌ها در شرایط تصفیه آب حدود 83% به‌طور میانگین کمتر از آب تصفیه نشده است. طول و قطر باید در هنگام گزارش در مورد حضور میکروپلاستیک لحاظ شوند، زیرا قطر برای تنفس بسیار مهم است، در حالی که طول نقش مهمی در ماندگاری و سمیت دارد. اگرچه اثرات سوء بهداشتي توسط ميکروپلاستيک‌ها به‌طور کامل آشکار نشده، اما انتقال مواد شيميايي از ميکروپلاستيک‌ها به موجودات زنده يک نگراني قابل ملاحظه است و درک بهتر خطرات بالقوه میکروپلاستیک‌ها برای سلامت انسان ضروری است.
In recent years, environmental contamination with plastics has become one of the biggest concerns of various communities. Microplastics (MPs) are plastics less than 5 mm in size. MPs remain in the environment for thousands of years without decomposing. However, accurate analytical methods for the detection and characterization of MPs are scarce. In this descriptive-review study, based on the studies of various researchers and the papers of recent years, this contamination has been introduced and its adverse effects on human health and different environments have been discussed. The results of the studies have shown that microplastic contamination of salt has been reported significantly between four different sources: sea salt 0-1674, lake salt 8-468 and well rock salt 0-204 microplastic per kg (MPs/kg). The number of MPs in untreated water is 1437±34 to 3605±497 particles per liter and in general, the amount of microplastics in treated water is about 83% less than untreated water generally. The length and diameter should be considered when reporting the presence of MPs because the diameter is significant for respiration, while length plays a vital in durability and toxicity. Although the adverse health effects of microplastics have not been fully revealed, but the transfer of chemicals from microplastics to living organisms is a significant concern, and a better understanding of the potential dangers of microplastics is essential to human health.
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