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        1 - Spatial patterns of trees and height story competition over forest developmental stages in the mixed stands of Guilan
        Maryam Kazempour Larsary Kambiz Taheri Abkenar Reza Akhavan Hassan pourbabaei
        Spatial patterns of trees and their interactions specifically reflect mortality, gap creation, resource use, and also determine population dynamics such as seed dispersal, understory development, initial survival and establishment, growth, and competition. In this study More
        Spatial patterns of trees and their interactions specifically reflect mortality, gap creation, resource use, and also determine population dynamics such as seed dispersal, understory development, initial survival and establishment, growth, and competition. In this study, three one-hectare sample plots in the three stages of early development, maturity and decay were selected in an untouched mixed beech forest in order to consider competition of trees from different height stories along developmental stages and all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) larger than 7.5 cm by species were measured based on chest diameter, height and determination of cartesian coordinates using distance-azimuth method. Then, these stems data were first divided into three groups (lower, middle and upper stories) depending on their location in the vertical strata. The spatial patterns and spatial associations were analyzed among different tree height classes using univariate and bivariate Ripley’s K-function. Results showed that spatial pattern varied with canopy strata and scales in different development stages. Positively spatial associations of Fagus orientalis at upper and lower stories in initial and optimal staged and also among F. orientalis at upper and middle stories in decay stages influenced by shade-tolerance characteristics, seed dispersal limitation and the role of larger nurse trees as a shelter of small trees. Competition for resources was observed between Fagus orientalis at the middle story and Carpinus betulus at upper story in the all development stages. Recognizing spatial pattern and natural events guided by nature over time are necessary to carry out targeted forestry operations and In proportion to the evolutionary stages of forest stands. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Studying the Spatial Distribution Pattern using Distance and Quadratic Methods in the Zagros Recreational Areas
        koroush nazarpoorfard Hassan pourbabaei
        Studying the spatial pattern in plant communities is necessary for understanding the many issues in forest ecology and management. The purpose of this study is investigating the effect of recreation on Spatial patterns of trees in Zagros oak forests. Sampling methods we More
        Studying the spatial pattern in plant communities is necessary for understanding the many issues in forest ecology and management. The purpose of this study is investigating the effect of recreation on Spatial patterns of trees in Zagros oak forests. Sampling methods were fixed-area plots and T-square methods. In each region, there are 40 sample plots and 40 sampling points were taken to measure the distances in the distance method in each region. To quantify and analyze the distribution patterns in the sample method, Green, Morissita and Standardized Morisita indicators were used and The Hopkins, Eberhardt, Heinz, C, Johnson and Zimmer indicators were used in the distance methods. C, Hopkins and Heinz indicators showed a clumped pattern in the area. But the Johnson Zaimer and Eberhart indicators showed a regular pattern in the control area. The results showed that among the Sample plot indicators the Morissita and Morissita standardized indicators expressed a clumped pattern in the recreational and the control area, and the Green indicator showed a regular pattern in the recreational area and the control area. The values obtained from the distance indicators showed that the degradation in the recreational area caused a change in the spatial pattern and the spatial pattern in the recreational area was changing so that most indicators in this area showed a regular pattern. Among the distance indicators used, C and Hines indicators and among the sample method, the Green indicator showed these differences well and the species of the two regions were identified suitable to describe the spatial pattern. Manuscript profile